The research was carried out in “Udmurtia” agricultural produc-tion co-operative (collective farm) of the Vavozhsky district of the Udmurt Republic". A complex for keeping 1200 cows with loose cubicle technolo-gy for cow keeping with milking in the milking parlor using the rotary milking equipment was built on the farm for the first time in the Udmurt Republic. In the course of the study, technological operations during keep-ing, feeding, milking cows at the rotary milking unit were studied; the tim-ing of the cow milking process and the sequence of operations were carried out. Based on the research results, specific recommendations were given to the farm.
The article presents materials on the results of the study of the effect of the Tamir biopreparation on the growth indicators of repair heifers, the subsequent dairy productivity of cows and animal health as a result of the use of the biopreparation Tamir with a loose technology of keeping cattle on a deep litter. The work analyzed the technology of maintenance of repair heifers and cows, studied the indicators of live weight and average daily increments of repair heifers in different growing periods, studied the composition and method of preparation of the biopreparation "Tamir", the technology of biopreparation application for processing organic manure, analyzed the indicators of disposal of repair young animals and cows dairy productivity of first-calf cows for 100 days of lactation and by age categories for two years before and three years after the use of the biopreparation, studied the results of laboratory tests for compost suitability for application to the soil. The research revealed an increase in milk productivity, average daily gains of repair heifers, live weight at the first insemination, decrease in the number of retired repair heifers and cows from the main herd due to limb diseases. According to the results of the research, expert recommendations were given to the farm.
The research findings showed that the carcass weight of cows after fattening made 325.20±18.23 kg, and in cows that were not on feed it was 251.34±10.23, which was 73.86 kg less compared to cows sold after fattening. The carcass yield made 46.70 and 44.26±0.61% or 2.44% higher, respectively. The carcass weight of first-calf heifers after fattening made 193.78±2.81 kg, and in first-calf heifers that were not on feed it was 171.0±2.98 kg, which was 22.78 kg less compared to first-calf heifers after fattening. The carcass yield made 40.80 and 38.50±0.46% or 2.30% higher, respectively. The carcass weight of young cattle after fattening made 183.2±4.49 kg, and in young cattle that was not feed it was 136.93±5.69 kg, which was 46.27 kg less compared to young cattle sold after fattening. The carcass yield made 45.70±0.63 and 38.70±0.70% or 7.00% higher, respectively. The carcass yield in all age-sex groups corresponds to the indices for black-and-white breed. Not a single carcass of slaughtered animals is qualified as “super”, “prima”, “extra” and “excellent” category because they do not meet the requirements of GOST according to the carcass weight. The carcass of slaughtered animals is mainly qualified as “good”, “satisfactory” and “low” category. The results of the slaughtering of the researched animals by age-sex groups are as follows. The first-calf heifers after fattening belong to “good” category; because their carcass weight is in the range of 187.3-204.1, class G, subclass 1. The first-calf heifers without fattening correspond mainly to “satisfactory” category, because their carcass weight is in the range of 163.5-183.6 kg, class D and subclass 2. The heifers between the age of 8 month and 3 years old after fattening are mainly qualified as “excellent” category, because their carcass weight is in the range of 166.8-193.9 kg, class G, subclass 1. The heifers between the age of 8 month and 3 years old without fattening are mainly qualified as “low” category, because their carcass weight is in the range of 1128.1-153.5 kg, class D and subclass 2.
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