A magnetometer with a sensitivity of the order of 1.5 nT, which enables the dimensions and direction of the Earth's magnetic field induction vector, or the magnetic field produced by iron-containing objects to be determined, is described. Similar devices can be used in mobile and on-board apparatus for searching for magnetic anomalies behind opaque barriers, for Earth's magnetic field navigation, seismic sensors, etc.Instruments for measuring magnetic fields with values of the order of the Earth's magnetic field have been used for more than 50 years. The main characteristics of modern magnetometers are their sensitivity to a magnetic field and their size. As a rule, magnetometers with a sensitivity of less than 1 nT have mass/size and operating characteristics which do not enable them to be used in mobile and transportable devices. At present, magnetometers with the minimum possible dimensions are based on the magnetoresistive and galvanomagnetic effects, and their sensitivity may reach tenths of a microtesla. It is possible to increase the sensitivity of magnetometers further, while preserving their compactness, using resonators made of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) as the magnetically sensitive elements.In a number of papers, for example, in [1], the results of an information search and an analysis of modern vector magnetometers are presented. A vector magnetometer is known containing three similar fluxgate sensors and their control and signal processing circuits [2]. The true direction of the measured magnetic field vector is determined when the signals from all three fluxgate sensors are equal, in the case when each of them occupies the same angular position with respect to the total magnetic induction vector of the magnetic field being measured, corresponding to the optimum sensitivity of the fluxgate sensors. It is proposed to change the position of the magnetometer in order to search for the direction of the magnetic field vector. The drawbacks of this instrument are the considerable complexity of the measuring circuit and the need to use identical magnetic field sensors, which is difficult to achieve in practice.There is a magnetometer, based on an induction sensor, used to determine the direction of the magnetic field induction vector when searching for iron deposits [3]. After the first measurement and determination of the direction to the object, one must move the magnetometer once more and obtain the new direction to the object and then the point where the first and second directions intersect, indicating the position of the object.The common drawbacks of these magnetometers are the need to rotate them when determining the direction of the magnetic field or the direction to an iron-containing object and the inaccuracy when determining the azimuthal angle to an object, due to averaging of the value of the magnetic field induction being investigated, since the response signal of the induction and fluxgate sensors is proportional to the induction vector flux through the transverse section of the inductance c...
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