Melampsora medusae Thüm. and M. larici‐populina Kleb. have been recorded in Australia for the first time. Their detection, spread and host range are described. M. medusae has the wider host range, but occurs mainly on Populus deltoides clones and hybrids. M. laricipopulina occurs mainly on P. nigra var. italica. Detailed descriptions are given of both rusts, and their geographic distribution listed. The possible effect of these rusts on Australian forestry is discussed, and several other rusts in Australia with known conifer aecial hosts elsewhere are listed.
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