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The effects of the different acyl side chains of azidocillin, ampicillin and benzylpenicillin on the immunogenic potency of penicilloylated antigens as well as on the specificity of the developed antibodies were investigated in CBA mice. The antigens used were penicilloylated bovine gammaglobulm (BGG), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA). Immunization was performed with injection of high doses of antigens together with adjuvant or by injection of minute amounts of antigen over periods of 10 days. IgE antibodies were recorded with PCA in rats and IgG antibodies were measured with a double antibody assay. The nature of the carrier as well as the number of epitopes was found to influence the development of antibodies irrespective of the immunization schedule used. The immunogenic activity of the PO-BSA antigens was related to the epitope density. The PO-BSA antigens were, in contrast to the PO-BGG antigens, weak immunogens in the CBA mice. The acyl side chains of the different penicillins influenced the induction and specificity of the IgE antibody responses obtained after daily treatment.

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The immunologic effects of ampicillin polymers were studied in mice and rabbits. Polymerized ampicillin – in contrast to monomers – had a supressive effect on the antibody response to penicilloylated proteins. Unfractionated ampicillin polymer, and high molecular weight fractions were found to have an immunogenic effect in mice, when tested by a haemolytic plaque assay. The immunogenic effect of variously sized polymers did not correspond to their antigenic activity as reflected by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis experiments.

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