The article discusses the theoretical and conceptual approaches of modern historical science on the issues of the Golden Horde's political history, revealing research paradigms and principles concerning the existence and behaviour of the nomadic statehood. The authors present the progress of historical knowledge in studying the issues related to social and political changes and the transformation of the Golden Horde. The interaction and the mutual influence of political structures on the sedentary agricultural populations as well as the dynamics and continuity of ideological processes were identified on the basis of new methodological principles of research. At the same time, the actualization and extrapolation of previous historical experience are particularly important, allowing to adequately mark the place of the nomadic civilization in the world-historical processes as a part of world history. Modern historical thought is characterized by new theoretical and conceptual approaches and the removal of clichés on the political history of the Golden Horde.Rezumat: Noi abordări metodologice privind studiul istoriei politice a Hoardei de Aur în secolele XIII-XVI. Articolul pune în discuție abordările teoretice și conceptuale ale științei istorice contemporane privitoare la chestiunile legate de istoria politică a Hoardei de Aur, relevând paradigmele și principiile cercetării privind existența și comportamentul statalității nomazilor. Autorii prezintă progresul cunoașterii istorice în studierea aspectelor legate de schimbările sociale și politice și de transformarea Hoardei de Aur. Interacțiunea și influența reciprocă a structurilor politice asupra populațiilor agricole sedentare, deopotrivă cu dinamicele și continuitatea proceselor ideologice au fost determinate pe baza noilor principii metodologice de cercetare. Concomitent, actualizarea și extrapolarea experienței isto-8 Study of Political History of the Golden Horde rice anterioare sunt extrem de importante, permițând plasarea adecvată a civilizației nomade pe scena proceselor istorice globale ca parte componentă a istoriei lumii. Gândirea istorică modernă este caracterizată de noi abordări teoretice și conceptuale și de înlăturarea clișeelor asupra istoriei politice a Hoardei de Aur.Résumé : Nouveaux abords méthodologiques concernant l'étude de l'histoire politique de la Horde d'Or les XIIIème -XVIème siècles. L'article ci-joint met en discussion les abords théoriques et conceptuels de la science historique contemporaine concernant les questions liées de l'histoire politique de la Horde d'Or, révèle les paradigmes et les principes de la recherche faisant référence à l'existence et au comportement de l'État des nomades. Les auteurs y présentent le progrès de la connaissance historique dans l'étude des aspects liés des changements sociaux et politiques et de la transformation de la Horde d'Or. On y détermina l'interaction et l'influence réciproque des structures politiques sur les populations agricoles sédentaires, ensemble aux dynamiques et la continuité des proc...
Introduction. In the 10th – 11th centuries, the process of formation of the Oghuz tribes was underway in Central Asia. It was accompanied by the disintegration of kinship ties and the emergence of statehood. A new type of ethnic community was being formed, based on territorial and economic ties. The formation of the Oghuz Yabgu State with its political center in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya (river in the territory of modern Kazakhstan) played an important role in this process. The paper analyzes the preconditions and peculiarities of the Oghuz tribes’ westward migration. In addition, a comparative analysis of its economic and political consequences is carried out. Results. The Oghuz State, like many other nomadic empires, was not monolithic and its borders were not permanent and strictly defined. As a result of the extended social conflict, the Syr Darian Yabgu State collapsed and did not withstand the attack of the neighboring Kipchak tribes in the middle of the 11th century. This caused a new migration wave directed westward. Conclusion. As a result of the Oguz migration to the Westward there have been changes in the geopolitical and ethnoterritorial characteristics of Western Asia and Asia Minor regions. Oguz migration has become an integral organism of cultural and economic values. The political and ethnic traces of these changes can still be seen today.
In the 10th to 11th centuries, the process of formation of the Oghuz tribes was under way in Central Asia. It was accompanied by the disintegration of kinship ties and the emergence of statehood. A new type of ethnic community was being formed, based on territorial and economic ties. The formation of the Oghuz Yabgu state with its political centre in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya 1 played an important role in this process. The Oghuz state, like many other nomadic empires, was not monolithic and its borders were not permanent or strictly defined. As a result of extended social conflict, the Syr Darian Yabgu state collapsed and did not withstand the attack of 1 A river in the territory of modern Kazakhstan.The Migrations of the Oghuz in the Early Medieval Period: Causes, Directions and ... 103 the neighbouring Kipchak tribes in the middle of the 11th century. This caused a new migration wave directed westward. The paper analyses the preconditions and peculiarities of the Oghuz tribes' westward migration. In addition, a comparative analysis of its economic and political consequences is carried out.
The role of the Oghuz in the formation of the Kazakh people is a less studied problem in historiography. The significance of the study is due to the fact that in recent years historical studies and studies of oral folklore (chronicles, legends, etc.) have been published, as well as considering the appearance of tribal signs (tamgas), one can determine the active role of Oguzes in the formation of tribes from ancient times. In this regard, the article considers the role of the Oghuz in the formation of the Kazakh clans and tribes.The history of the Kazakh people rooted in the history of tribes is studied on the basis of the unity of the composition of clans, tribes and the region. It is important to always take into account the fact that the tribes that make up the Kazakh people, like the Zhalaiyrs, Naimans, Kanles, Konyrats, Adai, Zhappas, etc. their ethnic origin is associated with the Oguzes. A distinctive feature of the study of the history of the Kazakh people begins with the history of the Oghuz, Kypchaks and other Turkic-speaking associations and is directly related to their history.
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