Egypt possesses excellent potential for renewable energy (RE) including solar, wind and biomass energy. Renewable energy technologies (RETs) and systems have different needs for support in terms of research and development, demonstration and market development. For this purpose, the Energy Research Center (ERC) at Cairo University has carried out a study with the ultimate goal of formulating a national development strategy and action plan for the local manufacture of renewable energy systems (RESs) and components. The present study positions the different RETs and RESs and identifies the research and development needs for each technology. The study also suggests how to establish a competitive market for RET. For this purpose it builds and analyses a set of likely scenarios, and proposes a practical development strategy and a detailed action plan for achieving it.ª 2009 University of Cairo. All rights reserved.
Study objectivesThe government of Egypt seeks to enhance technological excellence, attract foreign direct investment and become a leader in the export of medium-technology engineering products in the MENA region. In this context, RE is a priority area for short and long-term industrial promotion. Moreover, energy-related environmental problems and likely post-Kyoto emission reduction quotas are becoming increasingly prominent on the policy agenda. Therefore, the specific objectives of the present study include:1. To review global industrial and innovation policies in the RE sector and the performance of Egyptian industry and innovation policy as it applies to RETs. The review includes consideration of the potential for a choice of specific techAbbreviations: CSP, concentrated solar power; ERC, Energy Research Center; MENA, middle east and north Africa; MOEE, Ministry of Electricity and Energy; MTOE, million ton oil equivalent; PV, photovoltaic; RE, renewable energy; RET(s), renewable energy technology(ies); RES(s), renewable energy system(s); R&D, research and development; SWH(s), solar water heater(s); WE, wind energy
Abstract. For solar resource assessment of solar power plants and adjustment of satellite data, high accuracy measurement data of irradiance and ancillary meteorological data is needed. For the MENA region (Middle East and Northern Africa), which is of high importance for concentrating solar power applications, so far merely 2 publicly available ground measurement stations existed (BSRN network). This gap has been filled by ten stations in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan. In this publication the data quality is analyzed by evaluating data completeness and the cleanliness of irradiance sensors in comparison for all of the stations. The pyrheliometers have an average cleanliness of 99.2 % for week-daily cleaning. This is a 5 times higher effort than for Rotating Shadowband Irradiometer (RSI) stations which even have a slightly higher average cleanliness of 99.3 % for weekly cleaning. Furthermore, RSI stations show a data completeness of 99.4 % compared to 93.6 % at the stations equipped with thermal sensors. The results of this analysis are used to derive conclusions concerning instrument choice and are hence also applicable to other solar radiation measurements outside the enerMENA network. It turns out that RSIs are the more reliable and robust choice in cases of high soiling, rare station visits for cleaning and maintenance, as usual in desert sites. Furthermore, annual direct normal and global horizontal irradiation as well as average meteorological parameters are calculated for all of the stations.
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