<p class="abstract">The study aims at reviewing the neonatal morbidity and their management with a closer look to the intensive care units. The critical situation of high-risk infants, including preterm or within serious medical conditions, has been highlighted and elaborated. The management of every pertinent condition was accordingly detailed.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Keywords: </strong>Neonatal hazards, High-risk infants, Neonatal management</p>
IntroductionThe impairment of cognitive and affective empathy among patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) may represent a significant feature of the illness. However, the relationship between those impairment and dimensions of psychosis remains unclear.ObjectivesTo explore whether cognitive and affective empathy are associated with severety of different psychotic symptoms.MethodsCognitive and affective empathy were evaluated in 58 patients with stable schizophrenia with the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) comprising five subscales intended to assess cognitive and affective components of empathy. Symptomatology evaluation comprised the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale Improvement and severity (CGI).ResultsPatients with better cognitive empathy had less total CDSS scores (P = 0.036, r = −0.449) and lower CGI-severity scale scores (P = 0.01, r = −0.536). Patients with better affective empathy had lower scores (which means a better improvement) at the CGI-improvement scale (P = 0.03, r = −0.461).ConclusionsOur results suggest that empathy with its different component is not totally independent of the clinical state of the patient. Further studies are required to confirm whether empathy deficits are state or trait aspects of SCZ.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Study Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and delayed ICH in older head-injured patients taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared to those who are not taking anticoagulants and those taking vitamin K antagonists. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective medical record review of patients, age greater than fifty-five years, taking a DOAC and presenting to a large Level-1 Trauma Center with an acute head injury who had computed tomography of the head (hCT) performed as part of routine care. The review period ran from the initial release of DOACs in October 2010 until August 2017 and was performed using key word identifiers and text recognition to identify any patient on a DOAC. All charts identified electronically as meeting inclusion criteria were then reviewed manually using a data abstraction tool to confirm use of a DOAC and to exclude any patients who had been transferred to the center for a known ICH. The incidence of acute and delayed ICH (defined as acute ICH with a negative hCT in the previous seven days) was compared between the DOAC group, a randomly selected group of head-injured patients not taking anticoagulants, and a randomly selected comparator group of patients taking vitamin K antagonists, matched for age, race, and sex. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores and use of anti-platelet drugs were also collected for analysis. We also compared rates of repeat head imaging after initial negative hCT, admission rates, and death during hospitalization between the three groups, using proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: There were a total of 249 head-injured patients on DOACs, who presented to the ED and received a hCT over the study period. During this same period, there were 10,566 head-injured patients not on anticoagulants who received a hCT, and 1189 head-injured patients on vitamin K antagonists who received a hCT who served as the matched control and comparator groups. The incidence of ICH was not significantly different between the patients on DOACs (7.2%; 95% CI 5.6-11.1%)), those not taking anticoagulants (6.8%; 95% CI 4.0-10.7%), and those taking vitamin K antagonists (4.0%; 95% CI 1.9-7.3%). There were no delayed ICHs (0%; 95% CI 0-1.6% for all groups) detected in any group. Repeat head imaging after an initial negative hCT was performed in 27.3% (95% CI 21.9-33.3%) of patients on DOACs, compared to 11.2% (95% CI 7.6-15.8%) of patients not on anticoagulants, and 16.9% (95% CI 12.4-22.1%) of patients taking vitamin K antagonists. Admission rates (69%, 66%, 71%) and death during hospitalization (2.4%, 3.6%, 4.0%) were not significantly different between patients on DOACs, no anticoagulants, and vitamin K antagonists, respectively. Conclusion: In older adult patients with suspected traumatic brain injury that received a hCT, the incidence of acute or delayed ICH was not significantly different between patients taking DOACs, those not taking anticoagulants, and those taking vitamin K antagoni...
Background Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is one of the common psychiatric emergencies in medical practice. It has become a global health problem with rates increasing over time. What makes young people cut, scratch, carve or burn their skin, hit or punch themselves, or even bang their heads against a wall? For years, psychologists theorized that such self-injurious behaviors helped to regulate these sufferers' negative emotions. Objectives The aim of this study is: to determine association between psychiatric disorders and selfinjurious behaviour, to highlight types of self-injurious behavior, to explore motives of self-injurious behavior. Patients and Methods Our study is a case control study which was conducted on 100 self- injurious patients who presented to ER and not known to have a psychiatric illness, 50 subjects with no history of psychiatric disorders or self-injury behaviour, case group was referred to institute of psychiatry, Ain Shams University Hospitals. Results The two groups were matched with a mean age of 22.21 ± 2.02 in group (A) Subjects with self- injurious behavior, 21.82±1.84 in group (B) Controls. Socio-demographics in our study indicates that the samples were matched and fit for the comparative study (i.e. a homogenous sample). Axis 1 psychiatric disorders Adjustment disorder 13 (13%), Mixed anxiety-depressive disorder 17 (17%), Schizophrenia 6 (6%), None 64 (64%), Axis 2 personality disorders BPD 59 (59%), Mixed personality traits 41 (41%). Conclusion Our study's main interest is to determine association between psychiatric disorders and selfinjurious behaviour, highlight types and explore motives of self-injurious behaviour among a sample of patients with self-injurious behaviour Group (A) and controls Group (B). Psychiatric diagnosis is prominent in self-injurious patients than controls.
IntroductionEmpathy, which refers to the ability to understand and share the thoughts and feelings of others, may be compromised in schizophrenia (SCZ). Yet the relationship between empathy and neurocognitive functioning remains unclear.ObjectivesTo explore whether cognitive and affective empathy are associated with the neurocognitive functioning in SCZ.MethodsFifty-eight outpatients with stable SCZ completed the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) comprising five subscales intended to assess cognitive and affective components of empathy. They also completed a neurocognitive battery comprising the following tests: the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R), the Letter Digit Substitution Test (LDST), the Stroop Test (ST), the “Double Barrage” of Zazzo (DBZ), the Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST), Verbal Fluency (VF), the Trail Making Test-Part A (TMT-A) and the Digit Span (DS).ResultsBetter affective and cognitive empathy correlated with better performance in the ST (less hesitations and less errors). Patients with better cognitive empathy performed better in the MCST (more categories achieved; P = 0.029) and in the LDST (more substitutions per minute; P = 0.031).ConclusionsOur results bolster support for the presence of an association between NF and the decreased cognitive and affective empathy in schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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