Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is a profitable commercial crop that spans over 33 million hectares in 77 countries and is a vital source of natural fibre globally. It is extensively grown in India and supports over 60 million Indians, including 6 million farmers, the majority of whom are small and marginal farmers. The current study used a randomised block design with two replications and a spacing of 90 cm x 60 cm to explore 89 cultivars from one frequently planted tetraploid species (G. hirsutum) in an areolate mildew hotspot in Odisha during the kharif of 2019, 2020, and 2021. The infector row technique was utilised to supplement natural disease pressure, and the severity of grey mildew was graded on a 0-4 scale. Among all the genotypes tested GSHV-159 and GISV-272 were reported to be disease free. While 32 genotypes shown only moderate resistance to the disease, 22 entries had consistently strong resistance over three years. These genotypes can be used as Grey mildew resistant donors. Twenty-four of the types tested were vulnerable to grey mildew, while the remaining nine germplasms were extremely sensitive to the fungus. These findings support cotton producers, particularly small, marginal, and tenant farmers, in selecting the best genotypes with resistance to grey mildew disease, a hazard to the environment, the economy and most importantly, sustainable crop production.
Rice crop is highly vulnerable at all stages of growth to different pathogens that affect the quality and quantity of its yield. Among the different diseases, Bacterial blight of rice (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae), a deadly bacterial disease is among the most destructive affliction of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima). In severe epidemics, crop loss may be as high as 75 percent, and millions of hectares of rice are infected annually. Biological control based on antagonism is a potential, non-chemical and eco-friendly approach for managing plant diseases. Biocontrol agents like Trichoderma spp. are acclaimed as effective, eco-friendly and cheap, nullifying the ill effects of chemicals. The present study involved five different isolates of Trichoderma harzianum viz. IRRI-2, IRRI-3, IRRI-4, IRRI-5, IRRI-6 obtained from International Rice Research Institute. Variations were observed while comparing the efficacy of different Trichoderma harzianum isolates, IRRI-5 and IRRI-2 isolates exhibited superior anti-bacterial activities in vitro. Rice crop was raised from Trichoderma treated seeds and further challenge inoculates with Xoo to induce disease in plants. All the T. harzianum treated plants had lower incidence of diseases and higher yield than the untreated plant. Yield attributing characters like plant height, days of active tillering, panicle initiation and maturity, total number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle was positively influenced by Trichoderma harzianum application. However, there were variations among the treatment, isolate IRRI-5 was found most effective followed by IRRI-2, IRRI-4, IRRI-3 and IRRI-6 respectively.
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