A field experiment was established to study the impact of foliage fertilization of microelements (Fe and Mo) on lentil at the Agricultural Research Farm Mingora, Swat, Pakistan in 2016-17. All the treatments were assigned in random block design. The results showed that iron (Fe) and molybdenum (Mo) significantly improved the yield and quality of lentil crop. Based on the obtained results, the majority of the parameters increased with the combined application of Fe and Mo. The combined application of Fe and Mo at 500 and 100 g ha -1 produced the maximum grain yield (1361 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (3126 kg ha -1 ), 1000 grain weight (54.62 g), protein percent (30 %), N uptake (65.32 kg ha -1 ), Fe (48.33 mg/g) and Mo (5.07 mg/g) concentration. Results further revealed that Mo at the rate of 100 g ha -1 significantly enhanced the number of nodules (9.13 plant -1 ) and active nodules (8.03plant -1 ). These results suggested that Fe and Mo in optimal amount solely or as a blend considerably improve the growth, yield and quality of lentil crop and is therefore recommended for the better production of lentil crop in the agro-climatic condition of Swat valley.

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The utilization of organic fertilizers in farmlands to enhance crop productivity and soil health is increasing globally. Compost and charcoal obtained from the decomposition and slow pyrolysis (respectively) of plants and animals wastes.Here we evaluated the effect of charcoal and compost on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Agriculture Research Farm Peshawar, Pakistan during 2014-2015. Results showed that the application of compost and charcoal as sole or in combination significantly affected the yield and yield attributes of wheat. Data divulged that the maximum numbers of plant tillers (337 m -2 ), number of productive tillers per plant (313 m -2 ), number of grains per spike (56 spike -1 ) and 1000 seeds weight (50.2 g) were produced by the combined application of compost and charcoal at 5+5 Mg ha -1 while plant height (95.3 cm) was enhanced with the application of charcoal at 10 Mg ha -1 . The gain (4106.7 kg ha -1 ) and biological yield (8473.3 kg ha -1 ) was significantly increased with the compost application at the rate of 10 Mg ha -1 . These results proved that charcoal and compost can be used as organic fertilizers for boosting growth and yield performance of wheat under the agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar, Pakistan.

In communication industry one of the most rapidly growing area is wireless technology and its applications. The efficient access to radio spectrum is a requirement to make this communication feasible for the users that are running multimedia applications and establishing real-time connections on an already overcrowded spectrum. In recent times cognitive radios (CR) are becoming the prime candidates for improved utilization of available spectrum. The unlicensed secondary users share the spectrum with primary licensed user in such manners that the interference at the primary user does not increase from a predefined threshold. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to address the power control problem for CR networks. The proposed solution models the wireless system with a non-cooperative game, in which each player maximize its utility in a competitive environment. The simulation results shows that the proposed algorithm improves the performance of the network in terms of high SINR and low power consumption.

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