The prevalence and seasonal variation in liver fluke and gastro-intestinal parasites were studied in native (n = 360) and crossbred (n = 360) cattle with four age groups (<12 months, >12-24 months, >24-36 months and >36 months) and three seasons (summer, rainy and winter) in Trishal Upazilla, Mymensingh district for a period of November 2002 to October 2003. Feces were collected to examine the worm load in each of the animal. The maximum rate of infection of gastrointestinal parasite was recorded in crossbred cattle with the exception of Strongylid. In the rainy season highest gastrointestinal parasitic infestation was observed. The infection rates of Fasciola, Paramphistomum, Trichuris and Schistosoma were highest in the age group >36 months and lowest in the age group < 12 months. The infection rates of Ascaris, Strongylid, Strongyloids and Moniezia were very high in the age group < 12 months and low in the age group >36 months.

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Herpes disease caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is an intractable condition. It is a major concern in public health. Our purpose of this study was to verify the function of chitosan as an adjuvant for immune regulation specifically under herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. Ahead of HSV infection, chitosan, heat inactivated green fluorescent protein expressing HSV (G-HSV), and a combination of chitosan and G-HSV were used to pretreat ICR mice followed by HSV-1 infection. Using flow cytometric analysis, the frequencies of T-cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and natural killer (NK) cells were analyzed by surface expression of CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD11c+, NK1.1+, and DX5+ cells. In HSV infected mice, chitosan treatment significantly increased the frequencies of CD4+ T-cells (33.6 ± 5.78%) compared to those in the control group (24.02 ± 12.47%, p = 0.05). The frequencies of DC and NK cells were also significantly different between chitosan treated mice and control mice. In addition, anti-HSV IgG antibody was downregulated in chitosan treated mice. These results suggest that chitosan is a potential modulator or immune stimulator as an adjuvant in HSV-1 infected mice.

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Bacteriological study was conducted to determine the occurrence of bacteria in 52 dressed broiler with intact skin (n = 26) and without skin (n = 26) and to demonstrate the role of packaging and pretreatment chilling on the changes of carcass quality during the period from July to August 2000. The values of total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC), total streptococcal count (TStC) and total staphylococcal count (TSC) were determined for meat samples of thigh and breast and swab samples of skin and visceral surfaces of the broilers with intact skin (n = 80) and without skin (n = 80). The values of TVC, TCC, TStC and TSC in both cases with intact skin and without skin were compared. The results indicate that the dressed broilers with intact skin kept in packed condition after prechilled and frozen could maintain the good quality of sensory characteristics up to a maximum period of 10 days storage. Of the160 samples examined bacteriologically, 39.06% had contamination with different bacteria, of which   Staphylococcus spp. (90.63%), Streptococcus spp. (30.00%), Escherichia coli (60.63%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.50%), Micrococcus spp. (18.75%) and Salmonella spp. (11.88%). It appears from these results that the current systems of pretreatment, sanitation, storing temperature and processing are necessary to be improved to ensure the quality assurance and quality control program and subsequently maintain the bacteriological and organoleptic quality of dressed broilers, thus minimizing the potential health hazards associated with contaminants gaining access to the dressed or processed broilers. Key words: Dressed broilers; bacteriology; public health implications doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1939 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (1) : 69-73

The diseases associated with mortality and pathologic changes were studied in three different cockerel farms in the rural area of Trishal upazilla in Mymensingh district from day-old chicks up to 60 days of marketing during the period from 5th August to 3rd October 2000. Diagnosis of diseases was based on clinical history, characteristic pathological changes and occasionally isolation of the causative agents. The infectious bursal disease (IBD), yolk sac infection, vitamin E deficiency, coccidiosis and others were diagnosed. The mortality rate in cockerels caused by IBD, yolk sac infection, vitamin E deficiency, coccidiosis and others were recorded as 7.29%, 0.62%, 0.72%, 0.21% and 0.10% respectively. The characteristic lesions of IBD were hemorrhage in thigh and pectoral muscles grossly and microscopically the bursa showed dead and pyknotic nuclei of lymphocytes. The typical lesions of yolk sac were thickened with unabsorbed yolk in all chicks grossly and microscopically thickened yolk sac due to fibroblastic proliferation and mononuclear infiltration in association with normal fat cells. The vitamin E deficiency was diagnosed grossly by softened, swollen and focal hemorrhage on the cerebellum and microscopically by proliferation of huge number of glial cells. Grossly coccidiosis was characterized by swollen, thickened, firmer and hemorrhagic caeca and microscopically by hyperplastic, tall columnar epithelial cells contained large number of schizonts and merozoites in the affected crypts and villi. The findings indicate that IBD is the major disease problem in cockerel farming in Mymensingh. Key words: Mortality; diseases; pathological changes; cockerels DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v1i1.1915 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2003). 1 (1) : 33 - 38

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