This article presents actual data on the retinal and optic nerve electrical stimulation. The physical basics of the electrical stimulation biological effect on cellular elements and nerve fibers are discussed. Ocular indications for electrical stimulation, as well as local and general contraindications are listed. Strategies of delivery and brief historical overview are given. The article presents current data on the electrical stimulation clinical effectiveness in the management of patients with degenerative and dystrophic diseases of the retina and optic nerve: age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, optic nerve atrophy and glaucoma optic neuropathy. The data on the clinical efficacy of electrophthalmostimulation in the treatment of patients with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the retina and optic nerve: age-related macular degeneration, retinal pigment abiotrophy, optic nerve atrophy and glaucoma optic neuropathy are presented. Electrophthalmostimulation is a modern method of physical treatment of patients with diseases of the retina and optic nerve of a degenerative-dystrophic nature. The method is generally recognized and widely used in clinical work, not only traditionally on the territory of the Russian Federation, but also in world practice. In experiments and on animal models, the indisputable advantage of electrical stimulation of the retina and optic nerve has been proven — the etiopathogenetically determined preservation of the remaining and restoration of lost visual functions in case of ophthalmic diseases leading to blindness. Further development of this direction of electrotherapy includes standardization of the most effective techniques for various ophthalmopathologies and optimization of the parameters of courses and sessions of electrical stimulation of the retina and optic nerve. The latter presupposes the conduct of multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials with a sufficient volume of clinical material and reliable statistical processing of the results obtained.
The article presents the justification for the use of selenium-modified low-mineralized mineral water of Chapaevsk deposit (the Karachay-Cherkess Republic), modified by selenium. It describes its effect on the state of hormonal and immune status, antioxidant system in malignant diseases of digestive organs, prevention of complications, reduction of dose of used medicines, improvement of quality of life of this category of patients.
Conclusion. It is noted that the use of selenium-modified low-mineralized mineral water expands and complements the possibilities of rehabilitation and rehabilitation assistance to patients who have undergone operations on the large intestine in case of malignant neoplasms.
The review discusses the treatment methods based on physical phenomena in clinical ophthalmology. The physical nature and treatment techniques using electric current and electromagnetic field, light and laser radiation, mechanical energy and sound waves, high and low temperature in various ocular pathologies are considered. It is noted that reliable evaluation of the effectiveness of physical treatment methods for the different diseases and pathological conditions requires the implementation of protocols that include objective testing methods of the structure and functioning of the visual system. Once the clinical effectiveness of the particular physical treatment methods and techniques is confirmed, further development and improvement of the most efficient ones becomes possible.
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