Unimodal biometric systems often face significant limitations due to sensitivity to noise intraclass variability and other factors. Multimodal biometric systems seek to alleviate some of these problems by providing multiple pieces of evidence of the same identity. However, the multimodal biometric system is limited to the time constraints due to its multiple processing stages. To overcome these limitations this paper presents a fast multimodal verification system by using the dynamic regions of the fingerprint image and enhanced iris segmentation method. The multimodal system is fused using rank level fusion at the verification stage. The performance of the biometric system shows improvement in the False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and Equal Error Rate (EER) curves. Furthermore, the time taken for the training and verification phase has a reduction of 15% when compared with the existing system tested on the slow processing mobile devices.
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology is the real-time application that is growing rapidly as the result of smart environments. Battery power is one of the most significant resources in WSN. For enhancing a power factor, the clustering techniques are used. During the forward of data in WSN, more power is consumed. In the existing system, it works with Load Balanced Clustering Method (LBCM) and provides the lifespan of the network with scalability and reliability. In the existing system, it does not deal with end-to-end delay and delivery of packets. For overcoming these issues in WSN, the proposed Genetic Algorithm based on Chicken Swarm Optimization (GA-CSO) with Load Balanced Clustering Method (LBCM) is used. Genetic Algorithm generates chromosomes in an arbitrary method then the chromosomes values are calculated using Fitness Function. Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO) helps to solve the complex optimization problems. Also, it consists of chickens, hens, and rooster. It divides the chicken into clusters. Load Balanced Clustering Method (LBCM) maintains the energy during communication among the sensor nodes and also it balances the load in the gateways. The proposed GA-CSO with LBCM improves the lifespan of the network. Moreover, it minimizes the energy consumption and also balances the load over the network. The proposed method outperforms by using the following metrics such as energy efficiency, ratio of packet delivery, throughput of the network, lifetime of the sensor nodes. Therefore, the evaluation result shows the energy efficiency that has achieved 83.56% and the delivery ratio of the packet has reached 99.12%. Also, it has attained linear standard deviation and reduced the end-to-end delay as 97.32 ms.
The Editor-in-Chief and the publisher have retracted this article. This article was submitted to be part of a guestedited issue. An investigation concluded that the editorial process of this guest-edited issue was compromised by a third party and that the peer review process has been manipulated. Based on the investigation's findings the Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of this article.
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