The proliferation rate as determined by Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) immunostaining and the DNA ploidy status as measured by static cytometry were studied in 70 transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder (TCCB) in relation to grade, stage, and recurrence. The follow-up period was 2 years. A significant difference was observed in PCNA expression among grades I, II, and III (P < 0.02), between superficial (pTa-pT1) and invasive (pT2-pT4) tumors (p < 0. 04), between recurring and non-recurring tumors (p < 0.001), and between tumors of the same grade with and without recurrence (p < 0. 05). A significant difference was also found in the ploidy pattern among grades I, II, and III (p = 0.002), and between superficial and invasive (p = 0.02) and recurring and non-recurring tumors (p < 0. 01). Finally, the recurrence status seems to be strongly influenced by the proliferation rate and ploidy of TCCB (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the above-studied parameters may offer useful information on the biological behavior of TCCB.
Strongyloidiasis is an opportunistic infection which may result in a fatal hyperinfection syndrome in immunocompromised patients. We report the case of a pulmonary infection with Strongyloides stercoralis in a 61-year-old male with a history of a long-term administration of corticosteroids. Cytologic examination of a bronchial washing specimen, processed both as conventional and as Thin-Prep smears, revealed an abundance of the typical larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis, amidst a cellular population comprising several acute inflammatory cells as well as bronchial epithelial cells with features of basal cell hyperplasia or regenerative atypia. To the best of our knowledge there is only one previous report describing Strongyloides stercoralis in thin-layer smears, and there are no previous studies comparing its morphology in conventional and thin-layer preparations.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.