The possibility of using rotary piston engines for various industries is analyzed. Keywords transport vehicle, piston engine, crankand-rod mechanism, rotary vane engines. vakutenev@nami.ru
The required level of reliability of modern forced engines can be provided only on condition of their high-quality design, which is based on the strong calculation of the most loaded parts, which include parts crank mechanism. The article shows the importance of kinematic and dynamic analysis of crank mechanism in the process of designing an internal combustion engine and their role in ensuring the reliability of the engine, describes ways to solve the problem of kinematic and dynamic analysis of crank mechanism. The comparative analysis of static and dynamic models of crank-crank mechanisms is given. Calculation schemes, the sequence of kinematic and dynamic analysis of the mechanism, the system of equations, allowing to determine the forces acting in the crank mechanism, are presented. On the basis of the vector diagrams of loads on the crankshaft connecting rod presented in the article the expediency of application of dynamic models of crank mechanisms with SIM-metric and asymmetric connecting rods for analytical calculations of piston engines is proved. The results of analytical calculations of the dynamics of crank mechanism of four-stroke diesel supercharged size 13/14 are presented. It is shown that with the modern development of computer technology and software, the complexity of such calculations practically does not increase, and the results are close to those obtained by numerical analysis of dynamics using three-dimensional solid-state models. Recommendations on the use of "light" software products Ltd, which allows to perform kinematic and dynamic analysis of mechanisms in the educational Pro-process and solution design tasks. The results presented in the article prove the appropriateness of using the coordinate method to determine the kinematic parameters of the third replacement weight of the connecting rod and the ability to ensure the required accuracy of the calculations performed on the basis of the analysis of rod systems.
The article is devoted to the perspective direction of development of internal combustion piston enginesrealization of six-stroke working processes. The article presents an overview of possible options for the implementation of six-stroke cycles, known types of engines. The greatest interest is the six-stroke cycle with two working strokes of the piston, one of which is carried out under the pressure of the combustion products of fuel, and the second-under the pressure of steam formed as a result of water supply to the cylinder. This cycle is implemented in the Crower engine It is shown that the six-stroke cycle has a number of advantages over the four-stroke cycle: its implementation improves the economic and environmental performance of the engine, reduces the temperature level of parts, which has a positive effect on resource performance. On the basis of published indicator diagrams of six-stroke engines, diagrams of the total torques of four-cylinder engines operating on four-stroke and six-stroke cycles are constructed. It was found that the implementation of a six-stroke working cycle with additional injection of water into the cylinder leads to some deterioration of the uniformity of the alternation of the working strokes and the uniformity of the torque. The use of special schemes of crankshafts can contribute to some improvement in these indicators. Recommendations on the use of crankshafts with cross-shaped schemes in six-stroke engines are given The presented research technique can be used to select the preferred design of crankshafts for engines with different number of cylinders. Given the need for the preparation and storage of distilled water in the implementation of the six-stroke cycle, the conclusion is made about the possibility of using six-stroke engines as part of marine power plants. The necessity of further research of kinematics, dynamics and vibration activity of sixstroke engines is pointed out. Keywords: six-stroke engine, economic and environmental indicators, the order of working strokes, the uniformity of angular velocity and torque, the scheme of crankshafts.
Based on the FEM calculation, the choice of cast iron with vermicular graphite for the cast cylinder head of a transport diesel engine when it is converted into a ship's one is justified.
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