The effects of N-acetylcarnosine (NAC)-contained eye drop ‘Clarastil’ on a model of adrenaline-induced high intraocular pressure (IOP) in Wistar rats were studied. The retina ultrastructure and markers of oxidative stress have been studied. NAC was found to have no significant effect on edema in the retinal ultrastructure, did not reduce endothelial thickening and histogemic barrier, and accordingly did not affect the value of IOP after prolonged adrenaline administration. However, the introduction of the eye drop prevented the swelling of the mitochondria, the formation of vacuolated crystals and probably stimulated energy production as a compensatory mechanism under conditions of hypercatecholemia. In addition, NAC significantly reduced adrenaline-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation products in eye tissues, indicating its antioxidant effect.
Development of new effective treatments for glaucomatous optic neuropathy is one of the most acute aspects of modern ophthalmology.
The aim of the work is to investigate the effectiveness of cell therapy with postnatal multipotent neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) using different cell delivery methods in a model of adrenaline-induced glaucoma.
Materials and methods. Glaucoma was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injections of 10 μg to 15 μg/100 g body weight of 0.18 % adrenaline hydrotartrate. NCSCs were delivered intravenously (5 million cells), retrobulbarly (0.5 million cells) or parabulbarly (0.5 million cells). Histomorphometric analysis of the retina was performed on stained haematoxylin-eosin sections with a thickness of 5 μm one month after the delivery of NCSCs.
Results. NCSCs transplantation by all modes of delivery caused positive morphological changes to varying degrees. Intravenous administration induced a decrease in edema in all retinal layers and a slight restoration of the cytoarchitectonics of the retinal layers. The parabulbar administration of NCSCs led to a decrease in edema and the restoration of the cytoarchitectonics of the layers, most pronouncedly the ganglion cell layer and the inner retinal layer. After the retrobulbar administration of NCSCs, the reduction in edema and restoration of the cytoarchitectonics of the layers were the most pronounced.
Conclusions. According to the results of the study, the positive effect of NCSCs transplantation in an experimental model of glaucoma was the most pronounced following the retrobulbar injection of cells. Further investigations of the mechanisms of the effect of transplanted NCSCs on retinal structure restoration are needed.
В обзоре рассматриваются распространенные возраст-ассоциированные заболевания глаз, патогенез которых связан с оксидативным стрессом. Шафран обладает выраженными антиоксидантными свойствами: препятствует окислению полиненасыщенных жирных кислот, предотвращает мембранодеструктивные процессы в фоторецепторах, увеличивает стабильность липидного слоя мембран. Гликозиды и каротиноид зеаксантин, содержащиеся в шафране, создают депо антиоксидантов и реактивируют истощенную антиоксидантную систему сетчатки; биофлавоноиды укрепляют стенки кровеносных сосудов, снижают проницаемость гематопаренхиматозных барьеров, стимулируют процесс биосинтеза белка, ускоряют процессы регенерации. В настоящее время проведено большое количество клинических исследований, демонстрирующих высокую эффективность и безопасность шафрана в лечении возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний глаз.
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