Aims: The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors influencing on consumers' purchasing decisions for branded tea in Sri Lanka. This study investigated the relationship between the factors influencing a consumer's purchase decision on branded tea and the consumer's loyalty behavior. The study concentrated primarily on the socioeconomic factors that influence consumer brand loyalty for tea. Study Design: Multi-stage quota sampling. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Western province, the most densely populated province, and the main administrative and commercial center of Sri Lanka in 2016 - 2017. Methodology: Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. Primary data were mainly collected from a survey using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire. Descriptive analytical techniques, factor analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using both SPSS and SAS software. Results: According to the factor analysis, three main factors were recognized, such as product, marketing, and lifestyle. The product factor contributes 31 percent to the total variation that implies the prominence of product-oriented variables over the other variables considered. Among the related variables of the product, the highest factor loading (0,963) was received by the taste of the product, while the price (0,946) was the next. The results of the binary logistic regression revealed that both the level of education (ED) and the level of income (IL) had a significant impact on tea brand loyalty. Conclusion: The study concludes that both income and education have a significant impact on brand loyalty for tea, while product, marketing, and life-style attributes are the main factors influencing the purchase decision of the branded tea by the consumer. As product-related attributes contribute more to the purchase decision of branded tea, firms can increase their market share by planning their marketing strategies, focusing mainly on product-related aspects.
Aims: Turmeric occupies a prominent position among the commercially grown spices in Sri Lanka. However, due to various constraints the performance of turmeric production is not to the expected level. The present study attempts to determine the economics of turmeric cultivation and the problems perceived by the growers related to production and marketing of turmeric. Study Design: Multistage sampling design. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the major turmeric growing administrative districts in Sri Lanka namely Kurunegala, Kegalle, and Kandy during the year 2016-2017. Methodology: Both primary data, mainly from a field survey, and secondary data were utilized in the study. Descriptive statistical methods, seasonal price index, coefficient of variation of price, financial and constraint analysis techniques were used in data analysis. Results: The average Benefit Cost Ratio of 2.08 and higher net returns indicate that turmeric production was found to be a profitable venture in the study area. The results indicated the existence of higher price variations of turmeric in the study area between the harvest and the lean periods. Moreover, seasonality of turmeric production was identified as a main cause of variation in price of fresh turmeric. The results of the constraint analysis revealed that lack of knowledge on proper agricultural practices, non-availability of labor, price volatility and shortage of quality planting materials were the top four constraints perceived by the farmers. Conclusion: The results of this investigation show that the turmeric production is profitable in the study area, and suggest to offer frequent training and awareness campaigns for all the turmeric growers to facilitate the use of improved cultivation practices.
Aims: This study attempts to identify the factors affecting the usage of fertilizer by medium- and large-scale coconut farmers in the Gampaha District, Sri Lanka with a view to recommend pragmatic strategies to increase coconut production in Sri Lanka. Study Design: Multistage quota sampling with a proportion allocation method. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted during the year 2017 in the Gampaha administrative district, which is a leading coconut-producing region, under the coconut triangle of Sri Lanka. Methodology: Both primary and secondary data were utilized in the study. Descriptive analytical techniques, factor analysis, and Binary Logistic Regression techniques were used in the data analysis. Results: The factor analysis disclosed five-factor groups that cumulatively explain 55% of the total variation. Binary Logistic Regression revealed that the prevalence of favorable weather patterns, usage of supplementary materials, availability of credit facilities, and organic fertilizer application significantly affect the application of inorganic fertilizer for coconut cultivation. The availability of a fertilizer subsidy, practicing moisture conservation, practicing animal husbandry, and applying inorganic fertilizer significantly determined the application of organic fertilizer for coconut cultivation. Usage of supplementary materials, yield of the last coconut picking, and household size significantly affected the fertilizer application for coconut cultivation in general. Conclusion: Prevalence of favorable weather patterns, supplementary materials, and credit usage increase the chance of applying inorganic fertilizer for coconut. Organic fertilizer application decreases the likelihood of applying inorganic fertilizer for coconut. Availability of a fertilizer subsidy, practicing moisture conservation, practicing animal husbandry increase the chance of applying organic fertilizer for coconut, whilst the inorganic fertilizer application decreases the likelihood of applying organic fertilizer for coconut.
This study examines the effect of microcredit on the technical efficiency of paddy production in the Anuradhapura district of Sri Lanka using the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier analysis. The study employed non-probability sampling techniques to select a sample of 60 farmers consisting of both microcredit borrowers and non-borrowers. The results revealed that the average technical efficiency of the considered paddy farmers was 89%, implying that farmers have the potential to increase their paddy productivity by 11%. Farm inputs such as land extent (p<0.05), seed paddy quantity (p<0.05), and agrochemical costs(p<0.1) showed a significant effect on paddy productivity. Agricultural experience (p<0.05), education level, extension services, and use of microcredit (p<0.1) showed a positive impact on paddy farmers' technical efficiency. The majority of selected farmers (85%) obtained small loans of up to LKR 100,000 for their production, with 57% using only formal credit and 40% using only informal credit. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in terms of production efficiency between formal and informal credit access. The results also showed evidence of constant returns to scale. Effective and well-functioning extension services, training to improve the managerial capacity of farmers, and the provision of micro-credit improve the efficiency of paddy production. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of providing agricultural credit facilities to farmers.
Aims: The primary focus of this empirical study was to investigate the factors influencing the level of GAP adoption for cucurbit vegetable in the Anuradhapura district of Sri Lanka. Study Design: Three-stage purposive and proportionate sampling Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Anuradhapura district, North Central Province of Sri Lanka in 2018. Methodology: Primary and secondary data were used in the study. The primary data were collected mainly through a field survey using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. The total sample size was 120. Key informant interviews (KII), and a focus group discussion (FGD) were conducted to triangulate data and information obtained from the questionnaire survey and to obtain additional qualitative information. Descriptive analytical techniques, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and the General Linear Model (GLM) were employed for the data analysis. Results: Results revealed that 40% of respondents are moderate level GAP adopters, whilst about 68% practiced more than half of the recommended GAPs. The results of ANOVA revealed that farmers who adopted a higher proportion of GAPs earned a higher farming income, than those who practiced a moderate or low proportion of GAPs. Similarly, when compared to moderate and poor level GAP adopters, the average cost of production of higher-level adopters decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The results of the regression analysis revealed that farmer awareness of GAPs, farmer education level, farming experience, farming income, and cost of cultivation have a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the level of GAP adoption by cucurbit farmers. Conclusion: Awareness of GAPs, farmer education level, farming experience, and farming income significantly affect the adoption level of GAPs. Policy priority should be given to planning for a long-term farmer awareness program on GAPs through proper training and extension programs.
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