The article studies the effect of activated carbon with sorption capacity saturated by manganese (II) and chromium (III) ions on the vital activity of organisms and systems. Desorption of the toxic component from the surface of the sorbent occurs in accordance with the sorption equilibrium constant. This can produce a polluting effect on the water passing through carbon, on the activity of the soil microorganisms, and on the areas allocated for storage of used sorbents. The article presents new data on the effect of extracts of activated carbon saturated with manganese (II) and chromium (III) salts on the parameters of the blood of laboratory mice and the vital activity of soil microorganisms. The authors synthesized activated carbons with manganese (II) and chromium (III) ions adsorbed on the surface. The activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and the content of total protein, albumin, urea, medium molecular weight molecules, malonic dialdehyde, and products of protein oxidation were identified in the blood of mice after oral administration of extracts of sorbents. After contact with the soil, the effect of adsorbed metals on its catalase and phosphatase activity was detected, as well as changes in the number and composition of soil microorganisms. The study demonstrated that carbons, with a sorption capacity filled by metal ions, affected some of the studied parameters. The authors recorded an increase in the number of products of lipid peroxidation and in urea content after the administration of sorbent suspensions; at the same time, a decrease in the total protein content in the blood of mice was noted. Manganese-adsorbed by carbon also causes a decrease in the number of oligonitrophilic, oligotrophic, and amylolytic groups of soil microorganisms, as well as a simplification of the generic structure of soil micromycetes due to the disappearance of rare genera of Miceliasterilia, Myrothecium.
The article discusses the effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sorbed on activated carbons, on vital signs of some living systems.Extracts from carbon, saturated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, were injected into the organisms of laboratory mice and soil samples. The biochemical blood parameters were determined from laboratory mice. In soils was determined the enzymatic activity, as well as the number of major groups of soil microorganisms.In mice, under the influence of surfactants on active carbons, the activity of enzymes associated with the functioning of the liver changes to a greater extent. The effect on the urease activity of the soil was not detected, the phosphatase activity under the action of surfactants increases, catalase and dehydrogenase - fall. The number of oligonitrophils, oligotrophs and amylolytics is reduced. A decrease in the effect of surfactant bonded to the active carbons surface on the systems as compared with free surfactants has been recorded.The increase in the number of ammonifiers with the introduction of surfactants can be used for microbiological cleaning of waste active carbone.
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