The object of the study is a section of the gas and gas condensate collection system, consisting of an angle throttle installed on a xmas tree and a well piping located after the angle throttle. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of the flow velocity and wall shear stress (WSS) on the carbon dioxide corrosion rate in the area of interest and to come up with substantiated recommendations for the rational operation of the angle throttle in order to reduce the corrosion intensity.
In the course of solving this problem, a technique was developed and subsequently applied to assess the influence of various factors on the rate of carbon dioxide corrosion. The technique is based on a sequence of different modeling methods: modeling the phase states of the extracted product, three-dimensional (solid) modeling of the investigated section, hydrodynamic flow modeling of the extracted product using the finite volume method, etc. The developed technique has broad possibilities for visualization of the obtained results, which allow identifying the sections most susceptible to the effects of carbon dioxide corrosion.
The article shows that the average flow velocity and its local values are not the factors by which it is possible to predict the occurrence of carbon dioxide corrosion in the pipeline section after the angle throttle. The paper proves that WSS has prevailing effect on the corrosion intensity in the section after the angle choke. The zones of corrosion localization predicted according to the technique are compared with the real picture of corrosion propagation on the inner surface of the pipe, as a result of which recommendations for the rational operation of the angle throttle are formed.
Введение Одной из важнейших проблем разработки месторождений на поздней стадии выработки является превышение промыслового газового фактора над проектным значением, которое характерно для высокообводненных месторождений, разрабатываемых методом заводнения. Запасы растворенного в нефти газа обычно оцениваются по величине усредненного газового фактора, определяемого на основании лабораторного разгазирования глубинных проб пластовой нефти, отобранных из ряда скважин месторождения на момент подсчета его запасов. При этом оценка запасов газа, растворенного в пластовой воде, не предусматривается регламентом. Растворенный в воде газ способен существенно увеличить текущую добычу газа из нефтяных скважин при вовлечении в процесс добычи значительных объемов пластовой воды [1]. Несоответствие замеренных и проектных (расчетных) значений газового фактора (рис.1) приводит к необходимо-Рис.1. Расхождение между замеренным и проектным газовым фактором в зависимости от обводненности продукции скважин по группе месторождений одного из добывающих предприятий Западной Сибири
The increased application of low dosage hydrate inhibitors in oil and gas production has made it necessary to develop a method for determining the consumption rates of kinetic hydrate inhibitors, as no techniques are currently available for that purpose. The method was developed in the experiments with the kinetic hydrate inhibitor SONHYD-1801A, representing a stereoregular copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and caprolactam. The currently used technology for application of kinetic hydrate inhibitor SONHYD-1801A has been improved, allowing effective prevention of hydrate formation in pipelines. It is stated that the chemical can be used for continuous injection in the oil, oil-gas and oil/gas-condensate fields to prevent hydrate formation during the production and transportation of associated gas within the limited temperature and pressure range.
Die Bromierung von Benzotrifluorid (I) mit Br2 (Reaktionsdauer 8,5 Std.) liefert ein Gemisch des Dibromderivats (II) mit einem Tiibromtrifluormethylbenzol (III).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.