Activated carbon produced from fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) seed shell was utilized for the removal of lead (II) ion from simulated wastewater. Adsorption tests were carried out in series of batch adsorption experiments. Several kinetic models (Bhattacharya-Venkobacher, Elovich, pseudo first and second order, intra-particle and film diffusion) were tasted for conformity to the experimental data obtained. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were also used to test the data. The amount of lead (II) ion adsorbed at equilibrium from a 200 mg/L solute concentration was 14.286 mg/g. The experimental data conform very well to the pseudo-second order equation where equilibrium adsorption capacities increased with increasing initial lead (II) concentration. The rate of the adsorption process was controlled by the film (boundary layer) diffusion as the film diffusion co-efficient values obtained from data analysis were of the order of 10 6 cm 2 /s. From the plots, the linear regression coefficient (R 2 ) of the Langmuir model was higher than that of the Freundlich: the adsorption isotherm obeyed the Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model.
Activated carbons were produced from Gambeya albida and Telfairia occidentalis seed shells by chemical activation and their properties were determined. The effects of different production conditions (activating agent, carbonization temperature and carbonization time) were studied and it was found that activation with H 3 PO 4 gave carbons with better properties than activation with NH 4 Cl. Also, bulk density and % yield of the adsorbents decreased while surface area, total pore volume, % weight loss and % ash content increased with increase in carbonization temperature from 300 to 600 o C and carbonization time from 60 to 180 minutes for both raw materials. The potential of removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by selected activated carbon from both raw materials was also studied and it was found that the adsorption capacity was influenced by the contact time, initial Pb(II) concentration, solution pH, activated carbon particle size and dose as well adsorption temperature.
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