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The radical oxidation of 14α-hydroxy steroids with various functional groups at C-17 was studied. Lead tetraacetate and ceric ammonium nitrate were used as oxidizing agents. It was shown that reactions of this type afforded complex mixtures of compounds. However, the radical oxidation of 14α-hydroxy-17-oxo steroid (lead tetraacetate version of the hypoiodite reaction) proceeded smoothly with formation of the 13,14-secosteroid in up to 85% yield. The structure and conformation of the formed 13α-iodo-3α,5-cyclo-13,14-seco-5α-androst-5-ene-14,17-dione was determined by X-ray analysis.
A total synthesis of functionalised 8,14-seco steroids with five- and six-membered D rings is described. The synthesis is based on the transformation of (S)-carvone into a steroidal AB ring moiety with a side chain at C-9 that allowed the creation of a nitrile oxide at this position. The nitrile oxides were coupled with cyclic enones or enol derivatives of 1,3-diketones, and reductive cleavage of the obtained cycloadducts gave the desired products. The formation of a twelve-membered ring compound was observed in cycloaddition of one of the nitrile oxides with cyclopentenone as the result of an intramolecular ene-reaction followed by retroaldol reaction.
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