The analysis of the features of Orthodox churches, temples and cathedrals, elements of the design of the halls of worship, and their preservation. The types of hazards generated during the burning of candles and the parishioners and staff present are systematized. Thermal imaging surveys of convective flows formed during candle combustion were carried out. A technique for conducting experiments and a diagram of an experimental setup for measuring the temperature and air velocity in a convective jet have been developed. The diagram of the convective flow structure is presented, which consists of individual jets from each candle. The results of the study have been obtained, which make it possible to determine the area of stable convective flow and the place of installation of the exhaust hood above the candlestick, as well as the distance between the burning candles and the edge of the bottom of the umbrella. A local mechanical exhaust ventilation system with umbrellas has been developed to trap and remove harmful substances from the worship hall and provide comfortable conditions for parishioners and preserve the decoration elements of the halls. The characteristics and conditions for the efficient operation of the hoods in the local exhaust ventilation system and the factors influencing their operation are given.
Calculating air exchange according to existing methods, dilutions of all heat surpluses and other hazards are taken into account. This leads to a significant overestimation of the amount of supply air and saving unreasonable costs. To solve the problem of cost optimization, the authors propose a displacement ventilation and air conditioning system. In this case, the supply air is supplied to the lower zone, where the congregation is located. In this case, it is proposed to calculate the air exchange for the assimilation of only part of the heat surplus and other harmful substances entering only the lower zone, up to 2,5 meters high from the floor level. The rest of the hazards are displaced by convective flow and supply air to the upper zone and removed to the outside. The proposed solution to the problem allows you to optimize the cost of ventilation and air conditioning in the halls of worship of Orthodox churches.
A review of methods for forming interfacial heat-mass exchange surface in contact devices for air steam treatment is given. An effective method for creation of heat-mass exchange surface in air flow contact with water in the course of adiabatic wetting in air conditioning systems is proposed: by use of a plate head-piece with a mechanical vibration exciter. A method of defining area of the interfacial heat-mass exchange surface for these conditions is developed on the base of number of transfer units. The criterion equations to describe heat and mass transfer which occur when a plate head-piece with a vibration exciter is used for adiabatic air wetting are obtained. Use of a plate head-piece with vibration exciter as a contact device reduces energy consumption due to reduction of aerodynamic resistance of the air path and process intensification.
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