Because of its axisymmetric property and reasonable effectiveness, solenoids have been widely used to focus beams at various injectors. For a multi-component beam with solenoidal focusing, beam quality can be significantly deteriorated due to the magnetic focusing strength dependence on the beam charge-to-mass ratio. Electrostatic quadrupole focusing has been explored as an alternative option at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) for the injection line of the superconducting cyclotrons. We present the results of simulations for both systems.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.