The temperature distribution of the high-speed turbulent flow of air (gas) in the field of centrifugal tbrces -Rank's vortex effect -is used on an increasing scale in industry. Compact and simple, failure-free and inertia less vortex tubes used as generators of low temperature do not have competition under extreme temperatures of the environment, dust content, vibrations on the object, and in the absence of servicing. Initially, the vortex effect was utilized mainly in aerospace technology. However, there is now also experience with the production and service of specialized structures developed on the basis of orders of "earth-based" organizations. For example, small standard vortex refrigerators of two generations TVKh-14, TVKh-15 [1] have been operating for more than two decades in the cabins of Riga passenger diesel trains (DR-t, DR-1P, and DR-1M). For more than ten years, testing shops of instrument making plants have been using vortex climatic systems RMNR-20Sh, RMNR-20T [2], plants operating high-temperature processes have been using single-stage (VV-0,5/1,5-4), two-stage (VV-0,5/t,5-25) vortex air coolers, and their modifications [3], and so on.In 1984-1990, the fn'st generation of multipurpose vortex air coolers was produced commercially for the first time in the former USSR [4, 5]. This was a step to ensuring that the vortex refrigerators become available to plants in any area. The first batches of the coolers were initially produced by plants only for their own needs: in Leningrad it was LMZ, Leninets, Signal, and other plants, at Vilnius it was Vingis, in Minsk Granat, at Zavolzh'e ZMZ, in Novosibirsk, etc. [4]; This was followed by organization of series production of these systems. The new type of industrial products (7-10 models) was supplied by biochemical instrument making plants at Kirishe, the lathe bniliding plants at Kaluga and Rostov-on-Don, car plants at Rostov-on-Don, radioelectrical engineering plant at Minsk, and others.The branches using vortex air coolers can be conventionally divided into eight groups: 1) industrial electronics (cooling of control blocks of program-controlled lathes, automatic lines, robotized sections, automatic production systems);2) hot and harmful production processes (air screens in working zones of painting chambers, forging shops, electroplating and metallurgical production), deep shafts (ventilation of dead end wells2);3) casting production (cooling of sand in equipment with rapidly hardening mixtures), cooling of agricultural production (cooling of grains and disperse products in temporary storage facilities); 4) furniture industry (blowing cold air into the milling zone in production of facing plates and into the zone of pouring lacquer in varnishing machines), metal working (blowing cold air flow into the cutting zone); 5) self-propelled systems for hot climate (cooling of working zones in cabins of cranes, in trucks of drill operators, etc.); 6) production of sheet materials (separation of polyethylene films by cold flows, cooling of rubber sheets), produc...
The specific heat of water at the critical point increases abruptly and therefore supercritical water (SCW) can effectively cool a nuclear reactor, it would be promising to use SCW in nuclear energy. However, at high temperatures and due to radiolysis in which, along with hydrogen, oxygen, free electrons, hydrogen peroxide and free radicals are formed, SCW has increased corrosion activity.
The calculation of thin-walled rods is extremely relevant problem of structural mechanics and not only from the scientific standpoint, but also due to the widespread use of so-called lightweight thin-walled steel structures for construction engineering sector. Regardless of a sufficiently large number of studies connected with the statics of thin-walled rods, the dynamics of such systems have not been thoroughly studied yet. Based on one of the forward-looking theories of calculation i.e. the semi-shear theory by Slicker, the paper provides a technique for solving the dynamics problems of thin-walled rods. The stiffness and mass matrices of the finite element system are obtained for linear approximation of the form functions, and the natural vibration frequencies of the rods are calculated. The obtained solution is accomplished by the extrapolation method of estimating the accuracy of numerical methods for solving mathematical problems.
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