The study of seed mineral composition of wheat and its wild relatives revealed higher content of all elements in Aegilops ovata and Ae. triuncialis, as well as an overall increased background in relatives compared to modern varieties of Triticum aestivum (standards). By content of macro-and microelements, synthetic forms of wheat occupy an intermediate position between wild relatives and modern varieties. Transitional forms with the level of mineral composition typical of wild forms (Zhetysu × T. militinae; Zhetysu × T. kiharae; Bezostaya 1 × Ae. cylindrica) have been identified. All genotypes have been differentiated into 3 clusters. The first consists predominantly of introgressive forms, Ae. triaristata and the Komsomolskaya 1 variety, which has wild forms in its origin. The second cluster includes mainly varieties (parental forms), T. timopheevii and the introgressive form (Steklovidnaya 24 × T. militinae). The third cluster consists largely of T. militinae, T. kiharae, Ae. cylindrica species and introgressive forms originated from them: Zhetysu × T. militinae and Bezos taya 1 × Ae. cylindrica. Such division allows us to classify genotypes according to the level of metabolism: wild relatives (3rd cluster), varieties (2nd cluster) and an intermediate group -introgressive forms (1st cluster). In general, inclusion of cultural forms (backcrossing with varieties) to crosses with introgressive forms is usually accompanied by a decrease in the total metabolic level, but it varies in cultivars and wild species characterized by polymorphism. Sources of high content of elements have been revealed: wild relatives and introgressive forms, some of which are donors. Accord ing to the results of topcross breeding with testers -commercial common wheat varieties Steklovidnaya 24, Almali, Zhetysu -inheritance of this trait by progenies in F 2 -F 3 generations has been revealed in two constant lines: (Bezostaya 1 × Ae. cylindrica) × T. kiharae and Zhetysu × T. kiharae.
To create stress-resistant, productive and quality wheat varieties, the genetic diversity of wild and cultured relatives is often used -various species belonging to the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Previously, with Triticum militinae, T. timopheevii, T. kiharae, Aegilops cylindrical and Ae. triaristata samples participation, introgressive winter common wheat forms were created and selected for stability and yield. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the biochemical composition and technological grains properties of these forms. Analysis of gluten content in flour by the ISO method revealed a variability level from 28.5 % for the form Erythrospermum 350 × T. militinae to up to 39.6 % for the Zhetysu × T. militinae genotype. In this case, the 1st groups gluten quality (class "strong") was found only for the genotypes Erythrospermum 350 × T. militinae (Bezostaya 1 × T. mi litinae) × T. militinae. According to the physical properties of flour and dough, the introgressive forms vary in the test dilution from 80 to 170 FU at the level of "filler" and "weak" bread wheat with the best value for both liquefaction and valorimetric evaluation for the genotypes Bezostaya 1 × Ae. triaristata and Erythrospermum 350 × T. militinae (80 liquefaction units 49 FU and 80-45 FU, respectively). Bread making evaluation for the introgressive forms was comparable with winter wheat varieties including the Almaly standards (720-760 ml) and Karakhan (800 ml), at the bread quality and the baking evaluation. As for hardness, wild relatives and introgressive forms were characterized mainly as medium and hard (52-93 SKCS units). Thus, the introgressive forms studied were mainly related to the "valuable" and "filler" classes according to the technological bakery type evaluation, to the "weak" class according to the flour strength and bread volume, and to the "strong" class at the glutenin HMW composition forecast and the translocation of 1B/1R. Key words: Triticum militinae; Triticum timopheevii; Triticum kiharae; Aegilops cylindrica; Aegilops triaristata; wild relatives; introgressive forms; grain quality; flour quality; quality of bread; winter common wheat; protein content; gluten content; glutenin subunits.Для создания стрессоустойчивых, продуктивных и качественных сортов пшеницы нередко используется генетическое разнообра-зие диких и культурных сородичей -различных видов, относящих-ся к родам Triticum и Aegilops. Ранее с участием образцов Triticum militinae, T. timopheevii, T. kiharae, Aegilops cylindrical и Ae. triaristata были созданы и отобраны по устойчивости и урожайности интро-грессивные формы озимой мягкой пшеницы. Целью настоящей работы стала оценка биохимического состава и технологических свойств зерна данных форм. Анализ муки по содержанию клей-ковины методом ИСО выявил уровень изменчивости от 28.5 % для формы Эритроспермум 350 × T. militinae до 39.6 % для гено-типа Жетысу × T. militinae. При этом качество клейковины первой группы (класс «сильная») выявлено только для генотипов Эритро-спермум 350 × T. militinae и (Безостая ...
Б а с р е д а к т о р ы х. ғ. д., проф., ҚР ҰҒА академигі М. Ж. Жұрынов Р е д а к ц и я а л қ а с ы:Ресей) Абишев М.Е. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Аврамов К.В. проф. (Украина) Аппель Юрген проф. (Германия) Баймуқанов Д.А. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Байтулин И.О. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Банас Иозеф проф. (Польша) Берсимбаев Р.И. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Велесько С. проф. (Германия) Велихов Е.П. проф., РҒА академигі (Ресей) Гашимзаде Ф. проф., академик (Əзірбайжан) Гончарук В.В. проф., академик (Украина) Давлетов А.Е. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Джрбашян Р.Т. проф., академик (Армения) Қалимолдаев М.Н. проф., академик (Қазақстан), бас ред. орынбасары Лаверов Н.П. проф., академик РАН (Россия) Лупашку Ф. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Молдова) Мохд Хасан Селамат проф. (Малайзия) Мырхалықов Ж.У. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Новак Изабелла проф. (Польша) Огарь Н.П. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Полещук О.Х. проф. (Ресей) Поняев А.И. проф. (Ресей) Сагиян А.С. проф., академик (Армения) Сатубалдин С.С. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Таткеева Г.Г. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Умбетаев И. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Хрипунов Г.С. проф. (Украина) Юлдашбаев Ю.А. проф., РҒА корр-мүшесі (Ресей) Якубова М.М. проф., академик (Тəжікстан) «Қазақстан Республикасы Ұлттық ғылым академиясының Хабаршысы».
In 2020, on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, soybeans were cultivated on an area of about 127.7 thousand hectares. To expand the acreage of this crop, it is necessary to create new varieties with a high genetic potential for productivity and quality and adaptive to the various soil and climatic zones of the Republic. The work aims to monitor the quality indicators and productivity of new highly productive varieties of soybeans with a high content of protein and oil in seeds. In Kazakhstan, 18 varieties of soybeans have been bred and approved for production at latitudes from 53 to 42°N. The varieties belong to maturity groups 00, 0, I, II, III. There is a tendency to an increase in the collection of oil and protein in the varieties of the new generation. In the varieties created in the 70s-80s, the collection of protein per hectare was 1,078.0-1,238.3 kg and oil at 577.5-734.5 kg. In the new generation varieties, the collection of protein per hectare is in the range of 944.7-1,705.3 kg, and oil at 415.9-974.6 kg. The yield capacity of different varieties falls in the range of 20.9 to 43.9 kg/ha, depending on the maturity group.
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