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Although younger survivors continuously reported detriments in various QoL dimensions during the 10-year period after diagnosis, detriments in older survivors became apparent in the long run only.

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Both experiments showed that the N2O/(N2O+N2) product ratio of denitrification is not solely controlled by the available carbon content of the soil or by the denitrification rate. Differences in N2O SP values could not be explained by variations in N2O reduction between soils, but rather originate from other processes involved in denitrification. The linear δ(18)O vs SP relationship may be indicative for N2O reduction; however, it deviates significantly from the findings of previous studies.

The third kind of indicators relies on total N concentration of specific plant organs or the whole plant, as The concept of critical N concentration (Ncrit) assumes at any time for example, in the concept of Ncrit. At any growth a minimum shoot N concentration necessary for maximum biomass production. For maize (Zea mays L.), Ncrit has of now been confirmed stage of a crop, Ncrit is defined as the minimum N only from emergence to silking plus 25 d. These results were based concentration required for maximum crop growth rate on mineral N fertilization. In the present study, we verified that the (Ulrich, 1952). It was demonstrated that the Ncrit can validity of the concept can be extended to silage maturity and that it be assumed as a mononomial function of aboveground is not only applicable to mineral but also to organic N fertilizer. Our biomass, called the critical N dilution curve. Based on investigation included a 3-yr N fertilization experiment comprising the Ncrit, a N nutrition index (NNI) can be defined as four mineral N fertilization rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha Ϫ1 ) the ratio of actual N concentration to Ncrit (Lemaire and three slurry treatments (0, 20, and 40 m 3 ha Ϫ1 ), respectively. et al., 1989). An NNI value of 1.0 or larger indicates A quadratic-plateau model was used to determine Ncrit values. An non-N-limiting growth, whereas NNI values below 1.0 analysis of covariance indicated that the Ncrit-to-biomass relationship correspond to N deficiency situations. The concept of was extendible to the postsilking stages. The Ncrit [g N kg Ϫ1 dry matter (DM)] was then successfully described by a mononomial function of Ncrit was successfully applied to various crops, e.g., biomass W (t DM ha Ϫ1 ): Ncrit ϭ 34.12·W Ϫ0.391 . We suggest restricting grasses (Lemaire and Salette, 1984), wheat (Triticum the model to growth stages with biomass exceeding a threshold of aestivum L.) (Justes et al., 1994), rapeseed (Brassica 1 t ha Ϫ1 . Model validation against an independent data set comprising napus L.) (Colnenne et al., 1998), rice (Oryza sativa different hybrids and soil conditions indicated a satisfactory separation L.) (Sheehy et al., 1998), and grain sorghum (Sorghum of N-limiting and non-N-limiting growth. The Ncrit concept thus seems bicolor L.) (van Oosterom et al., 2001).to provide an efficient tool for assessing the N status of forage maize With respect to maize, Cerrato and Blackmer (1991) for mineral and organic N fertilizers and for a broad range of hybrids, concluded that for grain yield, the Ncrit of the leaf climates, and soil conditions. opposite or below the ear is not a sensitive indicator of the N status. Similarly, studies of Binford et al. (1992) indicated that for early growth stages, the total N con-Inst. of Crop Sci. and Plant Breeding, Dep. of Grass and Forage farmers would record their forage maize yield and that Sci./Organic Agric., Christian-Albrechts-Univ. Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, the mononomial model extends until silage maturity,

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Actual research demonstrates that LA-ICP-MS is capable of being used as an imaging tool with cellular resolution. The aim of this investigation was the method development for LA-ICP-MS to extend the versatility to quantitative and multiplexing imaging of single eukaryotic cells. For visualization of individual cells selected, lanthanide-labeled antibodies were optimized for immuno-imaging of single cells with LA-ICP-MS. The molar content of the artificial introduced labels per cell was quantified using self-made nitrocellulose-coated slides for matrix-matched calibration and calculated amounts were in the range of 3.1 to 17.8 atmol per cell. Furthermore, the quantification strategy allows a conversion of 2D intensity profiles based on counts per second (cps) to quantitative 2D profiles representing the molar amount of the artificial introduced elemental probes per pixel for each individual cell. Graphical abstract ᅟ.