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Two phosphonium cation-based ionic liquids (ILs) were studied as additive to a mineral oil. Solubility tests and TGA of neat samples were performed. Three concentrations of the ILs were used in the tribological tests. Base oil-ZDDP mixtures were used as comparison samples. Tribological tests were made using a reciprocating ball-on-disc configuration. Load ramp and Stribeck curve tests were also performed. The worn surface was studied by different techniques. The results showed similar and better friction reduction properties for ILs-or ZDDP-containing mixtures than the neat base oil. The [P 66614 ][(iC8) 2 PO 2 ] -containing mixtures outperformed the antiwear behavior of the other samples. XPS results showed different mechanisms of lubrication when using ILs or ZDDP.