In this study, the combinatorial effect of process parameters on the rate of biogas production and rate of substrate degradation following anaerobic digestion of food waste and rumen content using mixture design (Combined I-optimal) within the Design Expert (version 13) environment. Results showed that the rate of biogas production, rate of bio-methane production and rate of substrate degradation inside the 100 bio-digesters ranged from 0 to 38.04 L/Kg VS, 0 to 23.14 L/Kg VS and 0 to 79.20 %, respectively. The highest rate of biogas production (38.04 L/Kg VS), highest rate of bio-methane production (23.14 L/Kg VS) and highest rate of substrate degradation (79.20 %) were observed in bio-digester 57 at food waste (0.30 kg), rumen content (0.30 kg), water content (0.40 kg), temperature (34.0oC), pH (9.0), number bio-digester of agitation per day (4 time/day) and retention time (32 days), respectively. The rate of biogas/bio-methane production and rate of substrate degradation can vary, with varying process factors/parameters in anaerobic digestion processes. Bio-digesters with anaerobic co-digestion of the food waste and rumen content appeared to be significantly more productive in terms of biogas/bio-methane production rate and substrate degradation rate compared to the bio-digesters with anaerobic mono-digestion of either food waste or rumen content regardless of the presence other process factors/parameters within the boundaries of this investigation.
Biogas production is a promising renewable energy source that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve environmental health. Substrate pre-treatment methods, including physical, chemical, and biological methods can increase biogas yields and reduce operational costs. This review assessed the advancements in substrate pre-treatment methods for biogas production, while exploring potential benefits and drawbacks of various techniques. Physical pre-treatment methods, such as chopping, grinding, steam explosion, and high-pressure homogenization, have been found to increase biogas yield despite requiring high energy consumption and expensive equipment. Chemical pre-treatment methods involving acid and alkaline hydrolysis have been effective, but can be costly and generate hazardous wastes. The biological pre-treatment methods utilized microorganisms or enzymes, have advantages of higher biogas yields, shorter process time, and eco-friendliness. Future research can focus on developing more efficient and targeted pre-treatment methods using nanotechnology and genetic engineering, optimizing existing methods, and combining multiple pre-treatment methods to enhance efficiency. Improving pre-treatment methods can lead to benefits such as increased biogas production, reduced costs, and improved waste management practices.
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