Acacia seyal gum is an abundant source of natural polyphenolic compounds (NPPCs) and antioxidant activity with numerous benefits and is often used in cancer treatment. The type of extraction technique can significantly impact the yield and isolation of NPPCs from Acacia seyal gum (ASG). The traditional use of maceration extraction reportedly yields fewer NPPCs. Objectives This study investigates five extraction techniques for NPPCs and ASG antioxidant activity, namely: homogenisation, shaking, ultrasonication, magnetic stirring, and maceration. Materials and Methods The evaluation of the antioxidant activity (AoA) of the extracted NPPCs from ASG used five assays, namely: Total Flavonoids Content (TFC), Folin-Ciocalteu index (FCI), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC). Results To minimise the dataset dimensionality requires Principal Component Analysis. The ultrasonic and maceration techniques were the best techniques to extract NPPCs and examine the AoA of ASG, with a high correlation between the NPPCs and AoA. However, the maceration process was slow (12 h) compared to ultrasonication (1 h). Slow extraction can result in a decline of the NPPCs due to polyphenol oxidase-enzyme and impact productivity. Conclusions These findings provide an essential guide for the choice of extraction techniques for the effective extraction of NPPCs from ASG and other plant materials.
This review focuses on the potential of microalgae biomass in producing biopolymer materials. Microalgae have gained attention as a sustainable and renewable source of energy and other useful products such as biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. One promising application of microalgae is as a source of biopolymers, which can be used as a sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics. The review is conducted through a comprehensive search of electronic databases, screening of relevant articles, and synthesis of information obtained from the selected studies. The review also critically evaluates the strengths and limitations of the existing research on the potential of microalgae biomass in producing biopolymer materials. The outcomes in this review highlights key findings related to the potential applications of microalgae biomass in producing biopolymers and identifies areas for future research. The conclusions and recommendations of this review are important for guiding the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly biopolymer materials.
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