Promoted by elevated blood glucose concentrations in diabetes, glycation involves the nonenzymatic addition of reducing sugars and/or their reactive degradation products to amine groups on proteins. New synthetic approaches to 18 fluoroquinolones (FQs) have been developed on the basis of a promising antiglycation activity using 400μM methylglyoxal as the choice glucocytotoxicity concentration. Their anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging properties were elucidated in vitro. Intriguingly, FQs could exhibit an exceedingly more superior than or substantially comparable cytoprotection against methylglyoxal-induced carbonyl toxicity in RAW264.7 macrophages and antiglycation activity to aminoguanidine, as the reference compound. This kind of activity can suggestively be associated with the chelating properties possessed by the synthesized FQs as their DPPH radical scavenging activities proved to be significantly inferior to those of the reference compound, the ascorbic acid. The inhibitory bioactivities using the Griess assay were examined of the compounds against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Selectively, compounds R-2TCBA, R-4FACBA, R-3TCBA, and R-4CLACBA exerted an exceedingly remarkable and superior anti-inflammatory effects (P < .001 vs indomethacin IC 50 value of 101.07 ± 2.2 μM) while R-4TCBA and T-4BrACBA were moderately more efficacious than indomethacin. Compounds T-4CLACBA and R-4BrACBA displayed comparable activity with indomethacin. None of the tested compounds and indomethacin exerted any cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. FQs possess potent duality of antiglycation-anti-inflammatory capacities and are devoid of undesirable side effects. FQs can, therefore, serve as scaffolds for the development and designing of new clinical deglycation and antiglycation therapeutic agents.
Down-shifting material is used to enhance the overall efficiency of the photovoltaic solar cell by reducing the energy of incident photons and then cooling down the temperature of the photovoltaic solar cells. This experimental work focused on studying the effect of ZnO nanoparticles as a downshifting material on reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic cells. Readings of temperature and voltagewhich were collected on different days in summer July showed a good effect of ZnO nanoparticles on solar cell temperature. Where there was a significant decrease in cell temperature of up to 4.5 °C, in addition an increase in voltage of about 1.5 V.
The present work describes a theoretical investigation concerning the performance of a four strokes compression engine, which is powered by alternative fuels in the form of diesel-ethanol and diesel -ether mixtures, the properties of which were sited from literature. The amount of each alcohol added was 5, 10 and 15 % by volume. The engine speed during the experimental work was within the range from 1000 to 4000 rpm, with engine was set at full throttle opening and hence the engine was operating under full load conditions. Several parameters were calculated namely; engine torque, brake mean effective pressure, brake power, specific fuel consumption and the thermal efficiency, this was carried out using DIESEL-RK Software.It was found that the engine is of highest thermal efficiency when it is powered by a 15 % ethanol-diesel blend, wile it is of minimum thermal efficiency when it is powered by pure diesel fuel.. Further, it was found that both the thermal efficiency of the engine and the specific fuel consumption increases with the percentage of either ethanol or ether in the fuel blend . However, the power was found to decrease with the amount of either ethanol or ether in the fuel blends.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.