The x-ray diffraction patterns of liquid methanol and ethanol have been measured at 20 °C. The data are analyzed to yield the molecular structures, and the distinct structure functions Hd(k) are analyzed to obtain the hydrogen bonding in these alcohols. The data show clearly that hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups occur in methanol and ethanol with an OH⋅⋅⋅OH distance of 2.8Å, and that each hydroxyl group has 1.8±0.1 nearest neighbors at this distance.

The inner sphere water coordination of the rare earth ions La3+, Pr3+, and Nd3+ in concentrated (3.4 to 3.8 m) aqueous chloride solutions have been determined from x-ray diffraction measurements. In each solution the rare earth ion exists as the [RE(H2O)9]3+ aquo complex as determined from the quantitative resolution of the radial distribution functions. The average RE3+–H2O distances are 2.580, 2.539, and 2.513 Å for LaCl3, PrCl3, and NdCl3, respectively. The average RE3+⋅⋅⋅Cl− ion pair distances are near 5.0 Å. These results, together with the octaaquo complex, [RE(H2O)8]3+, found previously for the heavy rare earth ions, Tb3+ through Lu3+, establish that the inner sphere water coordination of the rare earth ions in aqueous solutions decreases from nine to eight between Nd3+ and Tb3+.

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The high temperature emf data obtained in this study and the calorimetric data of Predel and Stein suggest that the maximum heat of mixing is shifted towards the Ga rich side rather than centered at xoa = 0.5.