In this paper, we explicitly construct an infinite number of Hopfions (static, soliton solutions with nonzero Hopf topological charges) within the recently proposed ͑3 1 1͒-dimensional, integrable, and relativistically invariant field theory. Two integers label the family of Hopfions we have found. Their product is equal to the Hopf charge which provides a lower bound to the soliton's finite energy. The Hopfions are explicitly constructed in terms of the toroidal coordinates and shown to have a form of linked closed vortices. . The emerging stringlike structures are quite intriguing and may find applications in various physical models of condensed matter physics and gauge field theory. It is therefore of direct physical interest to find a field theoretical model for which it is possible to write down in a closed form explicit soliton solutions with nonzero Hopf index (Hopfians). This will advance an understanding of stringlike soliton configurations and their properties and open a way to incorporate them into various models relevant for physical applications.In Ref.[3], we have introduced the three-dimensional field model which falls into a class of higher dimensional integrable models from the point of view of the generalized zero-curvature approach [4]. The question posed in [3] was whether this form of integrability is linked to the existence of soliton solutions as is expected from the study of two-dimensional integrable models. Our analysis of the model in [3] has indeed revealed one nontrivial soliton solution described by a standard Hopf map of unit Hopf index. To fully establish a connection between integrability and soliton solutions would require finding other topological solitons with arbitrary topological charges. This is accomplished in this Letter. The equations of motion of the model are solved in toroidal coordinates and the space of solutions is found to be represented by a family of maps ޒ 3 ! ޒ 2 labeled by two integers. The integers count the number of times the map winds around two independent angular directions.The model under consideration is described by the Lagrangian density
We use Hirota's method formulated as a recursive scheme to construct complete set of soliton solutions for the affine Toda field theory based on an arbitrary Lie algebra. Our solutions include a new class of solitons connected with two different type of degeneracies encountered in the Hirota's perturbation approach.We also derive an universal mass formula for all Hirota's solutions to the Affine Toda model valid for all underlying Lie groups. Embedding of the Affine Toda model in the Conformal Affine Toda model plays a crucial role in this analysis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.