Prato cheese, a typical ripened Brazilian cheese, contains high levels of sodium, and the excess intake of this micronutrient is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. A technological alternative to reduce the sodium content in foods is to replace NaCl with KCl and the addition of flavor enhancers. The present study aimed to combine quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) and temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) to assess the sensory profile of reduced-sodium probiotic prato cheese with the addition of flavor enhancers. Five formulations of probiotic prato cheese were manufactured using 1% (wt/wt) salt as follows: C1 (100% NaCl), C2 (50:50 NaCl:KCl), C3 (50:50 NaCl:KCl + 1% arginine), C4 (50:50 NaCl:KCl + 1% yeast extract), and C5 (50:50 NaCl:KCl + 1% oregano extract). Both methods indicated that the addition of flavor enhancers modified the sensory profile of the reduced-sodium probiotic prato cheese. The QDA revealed that flavor enhancers-in particular, yeast and oregano extract-increased the saltiness of samples C4 and C5, respectively, and that the other flavor enhancer, arginine (sample C3), most modified the attributes of prato cheese. The TDS dominance curves revealed that the addition of yeast extract (sample C4) had a positive effect on cheese flavor because it minimized the bitter taste perception resulting from the addition of potassium chloride. Overall, QDA and TDS used together provided interesting insights for establishing the sensory profile of reduced-sodium probiotic prato cheese.

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The sensory profiling using free listing task and consumer acceptance of a goat whey orange juice (GWOJ) beverage processed by microfiltration (20, 30, 40, and 50 C) or conventional pasteurization were investigated. Free listing task allowed the discrimination of the beverages based on the type of processing (pasteurization or microfiltration) and microfiltration temperature. The pasteurized beverage had yellow color, orange aroma and flavor, and a more viscous texture, whereas the microfiltered beverages had green color, bitter taste, sweet taste, fermented flavor, and liquid texture. Lower microfiltration temperatures improved the orange color and fermented aroma, with similar consumer acceptance to the pasteurized product, whereas higher temperatures increased the acid, citric, and whey aromas and decreased the consumer acceptance. Overall, free listing task was a suitable methodology for discriminating beverages submitted to different processing, and microfiltration (20 or 30 C) is an interesting option for GWOJ beverages, resulting in products with adequate sensory properties. Practical application Our study indicates that the free listing task was a suitable methodology to discriminate GWOJ beverages based on the type of processing (pasteurization or microfiltration) and microfiltration temperature. Furthermore, it can be used to identify the most important attributes for consumers, which were liquid texture, orange color, fermented aroma, and orange flavor for GWOJ and should be considered in the manufacture of this type of product. Finally, it demonstrated that membrane technologies, as microfiltration, could be used in the manufacture of dairy foods, in particular GWOJ, with adequate sensory performance. These findings can be an incentive to the dairy industry to consider microfiltration as an adequate technology to be used in whey beverages processing and free listing task as an easy and fast sensory methodology for sensory description of dairy products.

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