Fungal infections of the orbit represent a small minority of orbital infections. However, due to the virulent nature of some of the fungal species, they can have a devastating effect on ocular functions. Most of these fungi are saprophytes, which cause opportunistic infections. Aspergillus is one such fungus that can cause infection at various sites in an immunosuppressed individual. Sinonasal aspergillus infection with orbital extension and orbital aspergillus infection progress relentlessly. They can have a precipitous clinical course resulting in total loss of vision. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is rarely used as a preoperative diagnostic tool in the investigation of orbital mass lesions. Further, fungal infections of orbit are seldom diagnosed on FNAC. Two cases of fungal infection of the orbital and periorbital tissue diagnosed on FNAC are presented. A 50-year-old diabetic male presented with diminishing vision, pain, and forward protrusion of the left eye. On examination, he had upper eye lid fullness. A 55-year-old diabetic male presented with a swelling on the right upper eye lid. The patients were evaluated radiologically and then subjected to FNAC. The smears showed giant cells, histiocytes, epithelioid granulomas, and fungal hyphae. A diagnosis of fungal infection was arrived at which was subsequently confirmed by culture and biopsy. Orbital aspergillus infection can have a precipitous course. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit provide crucial information. However, FNAC can help in making an early definitive diagnosis of fungal infection and thus obviate the need for a biopsy.
Background and Objective: Endometrial glycogen is one of the most important factors for development of the blastocyst in the early stages of gestation which is reconverted into a simple monosaccharide like glucose at the time of implantation. Hence in the present study, the role of glycogen content in the endometrium and other factors like age, duration of infertility pattern of menstruation and other clinical features in causing infertility was studied. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Bangalore Medical College after the ethical clearance from the institutional ethics committee. The study included 90 cases with complaints of infertility (primary / secondary). The endometrial tissue was fixed; processed, sectioned and performed Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain for detecting the amount of glycogen in endometrium. The present prospective study was a descriptive study and the values are mentioned in percentages. Result: We observed that, the majority of primary infertility patients were in the age group of 21-25 years and that of secondary were in 26-30 years. Most of the patients 55(74.3%) in primary & 12(75%) had regular cycles. The duration of primary infertility group was 2-3 years and that of secondary infertility group was 4-5 years. The glycogen content in the endometrium was grossly reduced in patients with Luteal Phase Defects. Conclusion: We found that the glycogen content of endometrium was very much deficient in late secretory phase might be one of the major causes for female sterility.
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