Meander structures are highly relevant in the Internet-of-Things (IoT) communication systems, their miniaturization remains as one of the key design issues. Meander structures allow to decrease the size of the IoT device, while maintaining the same operating parameters of the IoT device. Meander structures can also work as the delay systems, which can be used for the delay and synchronization of signals in IoT devices. The design procedure of the meander delay systems is time-consuming and cumbersome because of the complexity of the numerical and analytical methods employed during the design process. New methods, which will accelerate the synthesis procedure of the meander delay systems, should be investigated. This is especially relevant when the procedure of synthesis must be repeated many times until the appropriate configuration of the IoT device is found. We present the procedure of synthesis of the meander delay system using the Pareto-optimal multilayer perceptron network and multiple linear regression model with the M5 descriptor. The prediction results are compared with results, which were obtained using the commercial Sonnet software package and with the results of physical experiment. The difference between the experimentally achieved and predicted results did not exceed 1.53 %. Moreover, the prediction of parameters of the meander delay system allowed to speed up the procedure of synthesis multiple times from hours to only 2.3 s.INDEX TERMS Antenna arrays, antenna measurements, artificial neural networks, Internet of Things.
The algorithm for synthesis of the multi-tapped meander delay line (MTMDL) topology is proposed in this article. The algorithm is based on search of construction parameters of the MTMDL according to Monte Carlo method. Proposed algorithm was realized as software and tested on 14 nodes computer cluster. Experimental synthesis of lines has shown adequacy of the suggested algorithm. It has been shown that increasing number of nodes in the cluster, synthesis is executing faster and parallel part of the algorithm approaches to 90 percent of total algorithm. It is revealed that the maximal efficiency of the algorithm is achieved when the number of cluster nodes reaches the number of all issued synthesis processes.
The aim of this paper is to accelerate development and investigation of the delay systems. The computational time for investigation of particular design of delay system may take from several minutes up to several days. To achieve the required constructional parameters of the system, the iterative calculations usually should be repeated many times. In this paper, an artificial neural network is proposed to be used as the universal approximator for solving mathematical problems of delay system investigation instead of usual analytical and numerical techniques. The application of a multi-layer perceptron is proposed for approximation of solution space with discrete estimates, which were initially received by application of numerical techniques. Different structures of the multi-layer perceptron were tested for approximation. The difference between delay systems synthesis, which was estimated using numerical techniques and trained multi-layer perceptron did not exceed 5% for any of the six design parameter values. The execution time for estimating single delay system was reduced from 240 s to 20 ms. Such fast estimation of design parameters enables performing delay system analysis and design in real time, preserving time for structure visualization in 3D or virtual reality environment.
Periodical slow-wave systems, for example helical or meander delay lines are dispersive. I. e. velocity of propagation of electromagnetic wave in such systems, or delay time of a signal in the correspondent line, depends on wave frequency. This fact reduces the bandwidth of such systems or lines, even if losses are totally absent in it. Delay dispersion of such systems at high frequencies can be explained by coupling of adjacent conductive strips and the frequency properties of the dielectric materials. However, the dispersion at low frequencies, hardly investigated until now. The sources of phase delay dispersion of the meander microstrip delay lines and some other slow-wave systems at low frequency range are investigated in this paper. To study the dispersion of delay systems mathematical and computer modelling, and experimental measurements were used.
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