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The electronic structure of heated SrTiO 3 (110) surfaces was investigated with metastable impact electron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (He(I)). Scanning tunnelling microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to study the topology of the surface. The crystals were heated up to 1000• C under reducing conditions in ultrahigh vacuum or under oxidizing conditions in synthetic air for 1 h, respectively. Under both conditions microfacetting of the surface is observed. The experimental results are compared with ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations, also presented here, carried out for both ideal and reconstructed SrTiO 3 (110) surfaces. The results give direct evidence for Ti termination of the faceted TiO 2 rows.

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Tracer diffusion experiments were carried out in synthetic air at 1573 K in SrTiO3(100) and (110) single crystals, which were either undoped or doped with up to 1 at.% La, respectively. Tracer sources of 139La and 142Nd were applied by ion implantation. The resulting depth profiles were measured by SIMS. The reconstruction of the surface was monitored ex-situ using microscopic and spectroscopic methods including SEM, EPMA, and AFM. The measured tracer diffusivities show no dependency on orientation. The tracer diffusion takes place via cation vacancies. Under oxidizing conditions the dopant is compensated by Sr vacancies. Hence the diffusion is increasing strongly with La concentration. The observed time dependency of the diffusivities may be related to a space charge layer postulated by the current defect chemistry model for donor doped SrTiO3. At high dopant concentrations annealing leads to segregation of bulk La to the surface. La is not significantly incorporated into the secondary crystallites at the surface which consist almost entirely of Sr and O.

SrTiO(3)(100) single crystals with high donor dopant concentrations (5 at% La) were annealed at 1000 degrees C for up to 150 h in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). By applying scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) nanostructures are observed on top of the surface with typical diameters of 20 nm and typical heights of 8 nm. To characterize their electronic structure and chemical composition, the surface was analyzed by metastable impact electron spectroscopy (MIES), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), and depth profiling Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Investigations of the stoichiometry suggest that the secondary phases consist of LaTiO(3). We present a defect chemistry model which attempts to explain the observed effects.