In 32 adult human kidneys obtained at necropsy, renal demensions, measured from radiographs, were correlated with the number and cross-sectional area of glomeruli, determined by point-counting and computerized image analysis. Cortical area, measured from post-mortem angiograms, was poorly correlated with glomerular area and was not significantly correlated with glomerular number per kidney. The area of the whole kidney was poorly correlated with the number of glomeruli per kidney and was not significantly correlated with glomerular area. However renal dimensions, particularly total renal area, were highly significantly correlated with the product of glomerular area and number. This may allow glomerular numbers to be estimated in life but will not assess loss of glon the ageing kidney, the number of glomeruli per unit volume increased.
In rats with glycerol-induced acute renal failure (ARF) and controls, renal concentrations of 125I-labelled sodium diatrizoate were measured 5 min after intravenous doses ranging from 14 to 1,800 mg/kg body weight. Renal concentrations of diatrizoate, at all doses, were much higher in controls than in ARF. A linear relationship existed between dose and renal concentration in ARF. In controls, at doses above 225 mg/kg body weight, the fraction of the dose present in the kidneys diminished and renal iodine content approached that observed in ARF. Differences in diatrizoate concentration which existed between cortical and medullary zones in healthy kidneys at low doses were progressively eliminated as dosage increased, consistent with the osmotic diuretic effect of diatrizoate. In ARF, the pattern of intrarenal distribution at all doses was similar to that seen in controls at high doses, though concentrations in outer cortex were consistently slightly higher than those in inner cortex. These observations suggest continuing, though reduced, filtration of diatrizoate in ARF by glomeruli already subjected to a large solute load.
Reversible acute renal failure (ARF) was induced in rats by intramuscular injection of glycerol. In these animals and controls, renal concentrations of 125I-labelled sodium diatrizoate, injected intravenously in doses similar to those used clinically, were compared with the density of the nephrogram, subjectively assessed under carefully controlled conditions. Though a good statistical correlation existed between renal diatrizoate concentration and nephrographic density, individual variation was wide. At any given level of renal iodine concentration, nephrograms were judged to be denser in ARF than in controls. This was not due to differences in whole-body opacification or renal size, but was partly explained by the greater visibility of renal outlines on plain films in ARF. However, though at all doses of diatrizoate renal iodine concentrations were higher in controls, differences in nephrographic density were in general difficult to detect.
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