A new 1 km global IIASA-IFPRI cropland percentage map for the baseline year 2005 has been developed which integrates a number of individual cropland maps at global to regional to national scales. The individual map products include existing global land cover maps such as GlobCover 2005 and MODIS v.5, regional maps such as AFRICOVER and national maps from mapping agencies and other organizations. The different products are ranked at the national level using crowdsourced data from Geo-Wiki to create a map that reflects the likelihood of cropland. Calibration with national and subnational crop statistics was then undertaken to distribute the cropland within each country and subnational unit. The new IIASA-IFPRI cropland product has been validated using very high-resolution satellite imagery via Geo-Wiki and has an overall accuracy of 82.4%. It has also been compared with the EarthStat cropland Global Change Biology (2015Biology ( ) 21, 1980Biology ( -1992Biology ( , doi: 10.1111 product and shows a lower root mean square error on an independent data set collected from Geo-Wiki. The first ever global field size map was produced at the same resolution as the IIASA-IFPRI cropland map based on interpolation of field size data collected via a Geo-Wiki crowdsourcing campaign. A validation exercise of the global field size map revealed satisfactory agreement with control data, particularly given the relatively modest size of the field size data set used to create the map. Both are critical inputs to global agricultural monitoring in the frame of GEOGLAM and will serve the global land modelling and integrated assessment community, in particular for improving land use models that require baseline cropland information. These products are freely available for downloading from the http://cropland.geo-wiki.org website.
During the Soviet Virgin Lands Campaign, approximately 23 million hectares (Mha) of Eurasian steppe grassland were converted into cropland in Northern Kazakhstan from 1954 to 1963. As a result Kazakhstan became an important breadbasket of the former Soviet Union. However, the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 triggered widespread agricultural abandonment, and much cropland reverted to grasslands. Our goal in this study was to reconstruct and analyze agricultural land-cover change since the eve of the Virgin Lands Campaign, from 1953 to 2010 in Kostanay Province, a region that is representative of Northern Kazakhstan. Further, we assessed the potential of currently idle cropland for re-cultivation. We reconstructed the cropland extent before and after the Virgin Lands Campaign using archival maps, and we mapped the agricultural land cover in the late Soviet and post-Soviet period using multi-seasonal Landsat TM/ETM+ images from circa 1990, 2000 and 2010. Cropland extent peaked at approximately 3.
This research is dedicated to the evaluation of water supply in agricultural areas of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China (XUAR PRC) for the last 17 years between 2003 and 2019. In summer there is no natural vegetation in the arid climate in XUAR PRC. Mostly, this territory's water is supplied by transboundary (Kazakhstan-China) rivers: Ili and Black Irtysh. Cropping in XUAR PRC is based on irrigated agriculture which is the most significant consumer of river water современные проблемы дЗЗ из космоса, 17(1), 2020 137 А. Г. Терехов и др. диагностика водообеспеченности сельскохозяйственных культур суаР кнР.… resources. The NDVI values reflect the agricultural vegetation state that ultimately depends on the moisture regime of the root-inhabited soil layer. Thus, the seasonal NDVI maximum of the agricultural regions is directly related to the share of the cropland and soil moisture regimes. We used the long-term dynamics of the average NDVI values (first 10 days of July) for twelve agricultural zones of the XUAR located on the Dzungar and Kashgar plains and in the Ili River Valley (China's section). The pro duct e-MODIS NDVI FEWS NET (Early Warning and Environmental Monitoring Program) with ten days renewal and resolution 250 m was used. It was obtained that during 2003-2019, for the agricultural areas of Dzungar and the Kashgar plains NDVI increased mainly because of cropping expansion. The water-abundant region of River Ili Valley and the basin of the River Khaidyk-Gol demonstrated insignificant NDVI increases because there was no additional land suitable for cropping. The sustainability of water availability in the Dzhungar Plain agricultural region was estimated from NDVI dynamics of mouth zones of rivers Bolo-Tala, Kuitun and Manas. There were no negative NDVI trends which indicates stability in the river outflows from the agricultural zones. Therefore, we can ascertain the sustainability of water supply for the Dzungar Plain cropping and good potential for further development.
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