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We have developed a novel method based on vector electromagnetic theory and Schelkunoff's principles, to calculate the spectral and angular distributions of transition radiation (TR) and diffraction radiation (DR) produced by a charged particle interacting with an arbitrary metallic target. The vector method predicts the polarization and spectral-angular distributions of the radiation at an arbitrary distance from the source, i.e. in both the near and far fields, and in any direction of observation. The radiation fields of TR and DR calculated with the commonly used scalar Huygens model are shown to be limiting forms of those predicted by the vector theory and the regime of validity of the scalar theory is explicitly shown. Calculations of TR and DR done using the vector model are compared to results available in the literature for various limiting cases and for cases of more general interest.Our theory has important applications in the design of TR and DR diagnostics, particularly those that utilize coherent TR and DR to infer the longitudinal bunch size and shape. A new technique to determine the bunch length using the angular distribution of coherent TR or DR is proposed.Recently the use of diffraction radiation for similar diagnostic purposes has been demonstrated [6][7][8][9][10]. Most accelerators and beam radiation devices produce incoherent TR

Abstract-Results of theoretical and experimental studies of a GW-class, large diameter microwave oscillator are presented. The device consists of a large cross-section (overmoded), slow-wave structure with a unique profile of wall radius specifically designed to support surface waves and to provide a strong beam-wave coupling at moderate voltage (500 kV), an internal adjustable microwave reflector, a coaxial microwave extraction section, and a coaxial magnetically insulated field emission electron gun. In preliminary experiments carried out at 8.3 GHz, the power level exceeding 0.5 GW and efficiency of 15% have been measured calorimetrically.Index Terms-High-power microwave (HPM), overmoded, surface-wave oscillator.

We have observed the interference of optical diffraction radiation (ODR) and optical transition radiation (OTR) produced by the interaction of a relativistic electron beam with a micromesh foil and a mirror. The production of forward directed ODR from electrons passing through the holes and wires of the mesh and their separate interactions with backward OTR from the mirror are analyzed with the help of a simulation code. By careful choice of the micromesh properties, mesh-mirror spacing, observation wavelength and filter band pass, the interference of the ODR produced from the unperturbed electrons passing through the open spaces of the mesh and OTR from the mirror are observable above a broad incoherent background from interaction of the heavily scattered electrons passing through the mesh wires. These interferences (ODTRI) are sensitive to the beam divergence and can be used to directly diagnose this parameter. We compare experimental divergence values obtained using ODTRI, conventional OTRI, for the case when front foil scattering is negligible, and computed values obtained from transport code calculations and multiple screen beam size measurements. We obtain good agreement in all cases.

Results of theoretical and experimental studies of a GW-class, large diameter microwave oscillator are presented. The device consists of a large cross-section (overmoded), slow-wave structure with a unique profile of wall radius specifically designed to support surface waves and to provide a strong beam-wave coupling at moderate voltage (500 kV), an internal adjustable microwave reflector, a coaxial microwave extraction section, and a coaxial magnetically insulated field emission electron gun. In preliminary experiments carried out at 8.3 GHz, the power level exceeding 0.5 GW and efficiency of 15% have been measured calorimetrically.