Relevance. Relevance. Cerebral palsy is a persistent lesion of the nervous system. Though it is stable, the consequences of the lesion are progressing. Muscle hypertonicity is one of the principal complications which may progress. The spasticity of chewing muscles limits mouth opening, which prevents the children from practising good oral hygiene and results in multiple dental diseases. Such patients need dental care with a specific approach. The relief of masticatory muscle hypertonicity should be a priority. Nowadays, there is a large variety of methods for treating spasticity.The study aimed to comparatively analyse the effectiveness of methods for relieving masticatory muscle hypertonicity in children with cerebral palsy.Materials and methods. The patients formed two groups: the first group used kinesio taping to reduce spasticity, and the second group was prescribed adaptive chewing muscles exercises combined with the gnathic device. The study evaluated the clinical results using the developed screening diagnosis and functional results by electromyographic examination after 14 days and three months.Results. Both groups showed positive treatment routcomes. Children demonstrated significant improvement clinically and electromyographically. However, the short-term observation discovered a faster effect of kinesio taping, though the differences were not statistically significant. Adaptive chewing muscles exercises combined with the gnathic device are more effective in the long run, which statistical analysis of data reliably ref lects.Conclusion. The study reliably proved the need to include both kinesio taping and adaptive myofunctional exercises in the treatment to relieve muscle hypertonicity. There were no side effects or complications. Treatment planning requires an individual approach based on the clinical situation .
Relevance. The modern development of practical dentistry and the emergence of new techniques and methods of diagnosis and treatment determine the necessity and expediency of studying the anatomical features of the head, skull, structure of dental arches, and dental segments in general. Knowledge of the patterns and characteristics of the skull structure and their relationship with morphometric, clinical and functional parameters will allow the diagnosis of various forms of maxillofacial disorders based on comorbidity.Materials and methods. The study examined 30 children aged 6 to 12 y.o. to determine the relationship between the type of face and the state of the chewing muscles in children with cerebral palsy. Maxillofacial anthropometric measurements were made, e.g., the bitragional length (t-t) and the distance between the tragion and subnasale landmarks (t-sn); the gnathic index of the face was calculated, and the mouth opening range was measured. The surface electromyography determined the mean biopotential amplitude of the right and left proper masticatory and temporal muscles using the "bruxism" test.Results. The anthropometric measurement data indicate the prevalence of a brachygnathic facial type in children with cerebral palsy. The electromyographic study data evidence spasticity of the masticatory muscles.Conclusion. The obtained data indicate functional overload of the chewing muscles. Masticatory muscles' hypertonicity determined the brachygnathic facial type in children with cerebral palsy.
Summary. The purpose of the study. Hypertonus of the masticatory muscles is a fairly common pathology that leads to the development of parafunctional masticatory activity. At the same time, the nature of the course of the pathology becomes long-lasting, leading to irreversible consequences. Patients often do not pay attention to minor pain in the area of the masticatory muscles, so hypertonus of the masticatory muscles is diagnosed randomly. In view of the variety of clinical symptoms from headaches to the phenomena of oral stomalgia, the diagnosis of hypertension is extremely difficult. Also, there is currently no single algorithm for the management of such patients.Materials and methods. In the presented scientific study, a survey of 189 patients who applied to a dental clinic for the treatment of dental caries and its complications, a professional examination was conducted. All patients were examined according to the method of diagnosis of muscle hypertonus developed by us. The methodology includes a thorough collection of anamnesis, questionnaires (PSM-25, VAS, MAS, author's methods), the use of objective research methods, including: OPTG, CT, ultrasound, the author's method of determining the degree of mouth opening.Results. Muscle hypertonus of varying severity was diagnosed in 80% of cases, high stress level on the PSM-25 scale in 71% (135), the presence of morning pain in the area of the masticatory muscles in 55%(104). An assessment of muscle tone on the MAS scale confirmed a significant increase in masticatory muscle hypertonicity in 34% of cases. These additional methods of investigation confirmed the presence of hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles in patients with an objective clinical picture. In the study of this area, the main role is played by the clinician, only if all the diagnostically valuable information is available, it is possible to formulate an optimal treatment plan and avoid aggravation of the patient's condition due to incorrect diagnosis and treatment.Conclusions. The application of the developed diagnostic method contributes to the random detection of parafunctional activity of the masticatory muscles at a dental appointment, as well as to the final diagnosis of masticatory muscle hypertonus.
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