Turmeric (Curcuma longa) L rhizome powder (TRP) was commonly reported to have antiulcerogenic and non-toxicity effects. However, the scientific evidence showing the effectiveness of turmeric in the treatment of gastric ulcer and its non-toxicity effect are controversial. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different percentages of turmeric rhizome powder supplemented diet on toxicity induced by indomethacin in Wistar rats. This study investigated the effects of TRP formulated diet on the activities of blood enzymes in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcerated Wistar rats. This investigation was carried out through a 28-day experiment using corn-starch flour meal-based diet containing four levels of TRP (1%, 2%, 5% and 10%) as treatments with five replicates in a completely randomized design. The remaining three groups were fed with basal diet, one group received standard drug, another received no treatment but induced while the last group received no treatment and not induced. 35 male Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were housed in seven cages and received feed and water ad-libitum. At the end of the experiment, all the animals were sacrificed, blood and some organs were collected and evaluated for hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by indomethacin (60mg/kg bw). Measurements of serum, kidney and liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were performed. Statistical evaluation of the results at a p < 0.05 showed significantly elevated values (P ≤ 0.05) of these enzymes in the kidney of rats in groups B, C, E and G when compared with group F. Increase in kidney ALT and AST activities of animals in groups A, C and D was detected in comparison with group F. Furthermore, there was increase in hepatic ALT and ALP activities of animals in groups A, B, C, D and E compared with animals in group F but a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in group G in comparison with group F. Likewise, there was significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in liver AST activities of rats in groups A, B, C, E and G compared with group F, however, insignificant increase (P ≤ 0.05) was observed in animals in group D in comparison with rats in group F. Indomethacin induced rats (group F) showed a significant increase in serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP compared with rats in groups E and G in all the groups but those fed on 1%, 2%, 5% and 10% turmeric supplemented diet showed decrease in comparison with group F. The increased levels of these enzymes in the serum of animals in ulcerogenic group and some in group D (10%TRP group) could be a sign of tissue injury due to relative toxicity of indomethacin induction in animal model and deleterious effect of turmeric rhizome powder at large concentration. However, decrease levels of these enzymes in pretreated groups could indicate the attenuating potential of turmeric at moderate dose against toxicity effect of indomethacin induction. Therefore, turmeric rhizome powder should be consumed with caution and its percentage in the whole recipe should not be up to 10% (100g/kg).
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been used in Indian cooking, likewise in Southern part of Nigeria (majorly Ekiti and Ondo state) and in herbal remedies. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been a widely used medicinal plant which belongs to Zingiberaceae family. This Study is based on the determination of antioxidant properties, proximate, phytochemical compositions, vitamins, minerals and nutritional composition of turmeric found in Ado-Ekiti Nigeria, using various standard methods. From the proximate analysis, it was discovered that turmeric contains 9.29% moisture, 7.4% ash, 12.48% crude fiber, 11.39% fat, 20.62% crude protein, and 38.29% carbohydrate. The phytochemical screening result shows that saponins, tannins, steroid, flavonoid, alkaloid, phlobatanins, and terpenoids are present while anthraquinone is absent in the rhizome. Also, mineral such as Zn, Fe, Cu, Na, K and Mg were present in considerable amount. The presence of glycoside was also determined. The free radical scavenging activities of turmeric was determined. This was carried out by determining free radical scavenging abilities using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The content of phenols and total flavonoids were determined also. The present report revealed that powdered turmeric rhizome has antioxidant potential, rich in important minerals and thus it can be good supplement in foods.
Effects of various concentration of turmeric (Curcuma longa [C longa]) rhizome powder (TRP) supplemented diet on the antioxidant status of selected organs (stomach, liver, kidney, and heart) of indomethacin (Indo)‐induced ulcerated wistar rats were investigated in this study. The rats were fed with different percentages of TRP supplemented diet (1% [A], 2% [B], 5% [C], and 10% [D]) for 28 days. It was observed from the results that animals fed on 10% turmeric rhizome supplemented and those in the ulcerogenic group had significant reduction in kidney, cardiac gluthione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and gastric GSH when compared with normal control animals and other pre‐treated groups. However, a significant increase was observed in gastric, hepatic, cardiac, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX); kidney and hepatic SOD; cardiac, kidney, hepatic, and gastric CAT of animals pre‐ treated with TRP supplemented diet (1%–5%) compared with ulcerogenic group. Also, a significant reduction was observed in GPX of animals fed with 10% TRP supplemented diet in comparison with ulcerogenic group. Consumption of TRP in the diet, therefore, should be lesser than 10% of the whole recipe for it to be potent in enhancing antioxidant defensive mechanism of the aforementioned organs and thereby prevent oxidative stress related diseases. It may reduce antioxidant present in those organs which can lead to increase availability of free radical and expose the organs to oxidative stress‐related diseases. Practical applications Inclusion of turmeric rhizome powder in daily diet has been globally well accepted due to the knowledge of its medicinal values. Nonetheless, the extent at which it should be consumed has been controversial and unclear. Little or no effort has been put in place to educate the populace on the quantity of concentration of C. longa powder which should be in whole recipe or ingredients. Therefore, if turmeric rhizome powder should be included in diet because of its nutritional and medicinal values, this should be with caution and from the results of this study, the concentration should not be up to 100g/kg w/w of the entire recipe.
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