Abstract-Electromagnetic waves scattering in turbulent anisotropic collision magnetized ionospheric plasma is investigated using complex geometrical optics approximation.Correlation function of the phase fluctuations of scattered radiation is obtained taking into account both electron density and magnetic fields fluctuations. The features of the angular power spectrum of scattered radiation are investigated analytically and numerically. The expressions of broadening of the spatial spectrum have been obtained for both powerlaw and anisotropic Gaussian correlation functions of electron density fluctuations. Gaussian spectral function takes into account the axial ratio of the field-aligned irregularities and the angle of inclination of prolate irregularities with respect to the external magnetic field. The variance of the phase and scintillation level of scattered radiation are calculated numerically for F -region irregularities of the ionosphere. The conditions of non-fully and fully developed diffraction patterns have been determined.

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Abstract.Using an analogy method the frequencies of new modes of the electromagnetic planetary-scale waves (with a wavelength of 10 3 km or more), having a weather forming nature, are found at different ionospheric altitudes. This method gives the possibility to determine spectra of ionospheric electromagnetic perturbations directly from the dynamic equations without solving the general dispersion equation. It is shown that the permanently acting factor-latitude variation of the geomagnetic field generates fast and slow weakly damping planetary electromagnetic waves in both the E-and F-layers of the ionosphere. The waves propagate eastward and westward along the parallels. The fast waves have phase velocities (1-5) km s −1 and frequencies (10 −1 -10 −4 ), and the slow waves propagate with velocities of the local winds with frequencies (10 −4 -10 −6 ) s −1 and are generated in the E-region of the ionosphere. Fast waves having phase velocities (10-1500) km s −1 and frequencies (1-10 −3 ) s −1 are generated in the F-region of the ionosphere. The waves generate the geomagnetic pulsations of the order of one hundred nanoTesla by magnitude. The properties and parameters of the theoretically studied electromagnetic waves agree with those of large-scale ultra-low frequency perturbations observed experimentally in the ionosphere.

Abstract.A complete theory of low-frequency MHD oscillations of the Earth's weakly ionized ionosphere is formulated. Peculiarities of excitation and propagation of electromagnetic acoustic-gravity, MHD and planetary waves are considered in the Earth's ionosphere. The general dispersion equation is derived for the magneto-acoustic, magnetogravity and electromagnetic planetary waves in the ionospheric E-and F-regions. The action of the geomagnetic field on the propagation of acoustic-gravity waves is elucidated. The nature of the existence of the comparatively new largescale electromagnetic planetary branches is emphasized.

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