to evaluate character association and path coefficient analysis of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under legume incorporation and nitrogen. The results of this study showed that maize grain yield correlated positively and significantly with all measured characters. Path coefficient analysis indicated that plant height, total dry matter per plant, crop growth rate, cob length, number of grains per cob, 100-seed weight and stover yield showed positive direct effects on grain yield. Plant height and total dry matter per plant and 100-seed weight and stover yield gave the largest combined contributions. In growth characters, the highest individual contributions to grain yield were made by total dry matter per plant and crop growth rate. In yield characters, the highest individual contributions to grain yield were made by 100-seed weight and stover yield. Conclusively, total dry matter per plant, crop growth rate, 100-seed weight and stover yield should be considered for selection criteria in improving these varieties for better yield.
An economic analysis was done using the partial budget procedure to evaluate economic performance of maize (Zea mays L.) under incorporated legumes and nitrogen in Northern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria. Results showed that plots without nitrogen fertilizer produced maize at loss throughout the three years of study and their average data except in 2006 where a very little profit was made. Maize production using 120 kg N haG 1 gave the highest gross margin and profit per naira (x) invested throughout the three years of study with an exception of 2005 where there was a loss. However, in the three year average data, application of 90 kg N haG 1 in maize production gave the best profit per naira (x) invested, which made incurring of extra cost of 30 kg N haG 1 from application 120 kg N haG 1 of no benefit. The most profitable green manure method for maize production was lablab green manure which gave the highest gross margin and profit per naira (x) invested. When using nitrogen fertilizer and green manure on maize production was compared, incorporation of any of the legumes was better economically than any of the nitrogen levels. The results of this study suggest that using incorporated legumes in maize production was more profitable than using nitrogen fertilizer.
Aims:To evaluate the contributions of short duration legume fallow to maize (Zea mays L.) varieties under different nitrogen levels in a semi-arid environment of Nigeria. Study Design: Split-plot design. Place and Duration: This study was carried out at the Research Farm of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, during rainy seasons of 2005, 2006 and 2007. Methodology: The treatments consisted of two maize varieties (SAMMAZ 12 and SAMMAZ 27) and five rates of nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120kg N ha -1 ) in the main plots, while three green manure crops (Lablab (Lablab purpureus), Mucuna (Mucuna pruriens)and Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)) and a weedy fallow were accommodated in the sub-plots. The treatments were laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The green manure crops were incorporated at 49 days (7weeks) after planting. After 3 days of incorporation, maize seeds were planted. Results: SAMMAZ 12 and SAMMAZ 27 were similar on grain yield and most of the yield components studied. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased yield components and Research ArticleAmerican Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 3(3): [542][543][544][545][546][547][548][549][550][551][552][553][554][555][556] 2013 543 grain yield. In combined mean, application of 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha -1 gave 81.4, 127.2, 151.6 and 165.5% increases in maize grain yield over zero N treatment, respectively. Increasing N rate beyond 90 kg N ha -1 did not significantly increased maize grain yield. Incorporation of mucuna, lablab and soybean significantly increased yield components and grain yield. In combined mean, incorporation of mucuna, lablab and soybean gave 68.8, 73.7 and 59.4% increases in maize grain yield over weedy fallow, respectively. Conclusion: Although, application of nitrogen gave marked increases in maize grain yield as did green manure, however, incorporation of short duration legume, which is environmentally friendly and a soil improver, will be a better option for sustainable maize production in northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria.
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of incorporated lablab planted at various spacings on productivity of two maize (Zea mays L.) varieties in northern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria. Field experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. The treatments consisted of two varieties of maize (SAMMAZ 28 and SAMMAZ 29) and six green manure lablab (Lablab purpureus) plant spacings viz. 25cm x 10cm, 25cm x 20cm, 25cm x 30cm, 50cm x 10cm, 50cm x 20cm and 50cm x 30cm. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in factorial arrangement and was replicated three times. SAMMAZ 29 performed significantly (P<0.05) better than SAMMAZ 28 on growth, yield components and grain yield (kg ha-1) of maize. Incorporation of lablab planted at various spacing significantly increased grain yield (kg ha-1) and all the maize parameters studied except cob diameter. In combined mean, incorporation of lablab planted at 25cm x 30cm significantly increased grain yield but at par with incorporation of lablab planted at spacing 50cm x 30cm. In combined mean, incorporation of lablab planted at 25cm x 30cm gave 18.2, 20.5, 18, 28.6 and 13.6% better grain yield than incorporation of lablab planted at spacings 25cm x 10cm, 25cm x 20cm, 50cm x10cm, 50cm x 20cm and 50cm x 30cm, respectively. Conclusively, incorporation of lablab planted at 25cm x 30cm was better than other spacings on SAMMAZ 29.
Multi location field trials were conducted during the 2019/2020 dry season at Teaching and Research Farm of Federal University Dutsin-Ma (Badole) 11058`N, 80 26`E and 475m above sea level and Kugado Fadama site (110 33 N, 80 23 E and 481m above Sea level). Treatments consisted of three varieties of groundnut (SAMNUT 24, SAMNUT 25 and SAMNUT 26), 3 intra-row spacing (15, 20 and 25cm), and three irrigation intervals (3, 6 and 9days) replicated three times. The treatments were factorized and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Results from the study revealed that groundnut variety had significant (P≤0.05) effect on the performance of groundnut at the two locations. SAMNUT 24 significantly (P≤0.05) outperformed SAMNUT 26 and 25 respectively in terms of stand establishment count, plant height, canopy spread, pod number per plant, pod weight per plant, and haulms weight per plant at the two locations. Intra-row spacing of 15cm significantly (P≤0.05) outperformed 20 and 25cm respectively however, 6days irrigation interval on growth and 3days irrigation interval on yield parameters recorded a significant (P≤0.05) effect at Badole while at Kugado 6days for growth and 9days irrigation interval for yield parameters was significant. The study revealed that SAMNUT 24, intra-row spacing of 15cm, 6days irrigation interval on growth and 3 days on yield parameters at Badole and Kugado SAMNUT 24, intra-row spacing of 15cm, 6days irrigation interval on growth and 9days irrigation interval on yield component proved to be most effective
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