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Electrocardiograms were recorded from human patients using a bipolar chest lead together with simultaneous His-bundle electrograms. These were then subjected to the technique of signal averaging in an attempt to extract His-bundle activity from the surface record. This was successful in three out of 10 cases subjected to the truly non-invasive surface technique. Methods are discussed by which the technique could be improved.

Machine-readable data carriers are distinguished as an important emergent area of information technology exhibiting revolutionary and radical attributes in respect of their value in process enhancement and new product and process development. The objective of this paper is to present an awareness of the subject and its relevance to automated assembly.

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Linear barcodes have found wide acceptance in all sectors of industry as machine‐readable part identifiers, but their low data density limits practical data capacity to some 20 characters. Two‐dimensional codes, however, have a much higher data density, and can contain significant volumes of data in compact symbols that can be printed or marked directly on to small parts. When used as portable data files 2‐D encoding provides both flexibility and prospects for applications unachievable with linear barcode data carriers. This paper discusses 2‐D codes and the potential for their applications in automated manufacturing.

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A damped sine wave defibrillator that is capable of delivering a constant peak discharge current over a wide range of patient thoracic impedance is shown to be theoretically possible. This is realized in practice by the technique of storing an amount of energy above that required for delivery, and dumping the excess charge when the discharge current has reached a predetermined level, the dumping being triggered by a current sensor. A larger than normal inductance assists in swamping the effect of varying impedance and produces a smooth waveform. The preselected peak current can be delivered with a variation of about +/- 6% to 95% of a normal patient population. The energy expended in a simulated patient circuit is somewhat lower than for conventional defibrillators.