This paper presents the results of seven experimental tests in reinforced concrete wide beams, aiming to investigate their performance when subjected to shear, using prefabricated truss stirrups as shear reinforcement, as well as a supplementary reinforcement to control cracks by delamination. The main analysed variables were: position of the supplementary reinforcement, inclination of the shear reinforcement, and spacing between stirrups. Results showed that strength increments of up to 142% were obtained using the prefabricated truss stirrups. Furthermore, the experimental results were compared with the theoretical shear strength estimates of the tested beams, following the recommendations of NBR 6118 (2014), Eurocode 2 (2004), and ACI 318 (2014), in order to evaluate the safety level of these codes when designing concrete elements subjected to shear with the reinforcement used in this paper.
ResumoThis paper presents the results from a parametric study carried in order to quantify how far errors in the design stage related to the consideration of the wind action may put at risk the response and safety of reinforced concrete buildings. Using an architectural model as reference and varying the number of floors of the building, the structural safety was evaluated as a function of the wind action intensity. Results showed that even for low-rise buildings, with 10 floors, ignoring the wind action can significantly jeopardize their behaviour and safety. Yet, for slenderer buildings, up to 30 floors, it can lead to catastrophic results, as the ruin of the structure by progressive collapse.Keywords: wind, columns, reinforced concrete, buildings.Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo paramétrico realizado com o objetivo de quantificar o tanto que erros na etapa de projeto relacionados com a consideração da ação do vento podem comprometer a resposta em serviço e a segurança de edifícios de concreto armado. Usando-se um modelo arquitetônico como referência e variando-se o número de pavimentos do edifício, a segurança estrutural foi avaliada como uma função da intensidade da ação do vento. Os resultados mostraram que mesmo para edifícios baixos, com 10 pavimentos, a desconsideração da ação do vento pode comprometer significativamente o comportamento e a segurança e que no caso de edifícios mais esbeltos, com até 30 pavimentos, pode levar a resultados catastróficos, como a ruína da estrutura através de colapso progressivo.Palavras-chave: vento, pilares, concreto armado, edifícios.
Experimental evidence indicates that both the column rectangularity index and the boundary conditions of the connection may affect the ultimate punching resistance. This paper presents general aspects of these topics and, through the analysis of experimental results of tests on 131 slabs, evaluates the accuracy and suitability of recommendations presented by ABNT NBR 6118, Eurocode 2, ACI 318 and fib Model Code 2010. Experimental results showed that the security level of normative estimates trend to reduce as the column rectangularity increases, and in some cases, the punching resistance was overestimated. Finally, adjustments are suggested in equations presented by NBR 6118 and MC2010 in order to eliminate this trend of unsafe results.
PBuscando avaliar a influência da ancoragem na resistência à flexão de vigas reforçadas com mantas de Polímero Reforçado com Fibra de Carbono (PRFC), foram analisados os resultados experimentais de 126 ensaios presentes na literatura e de uma série inédita, ensaiada pelos autores, com 4 vigas de concreto armado. São avaliados os parâmetros que afetam o desempenho e a resistência das vigas, e discutidos os critérios de dimensionamento do fib Bulletin 14 (2001) e ACI 440-2R (2008). Observou-se que, mesmo com dispositivos auxiliares na ancoragem do PRFC, falhas prematuras são possíveis, e também que ambas as recomendações teóricas conduzem a estimativas a favor da segurança, porém excessivamente conservadoras nos casos onde a ancoragem da manta de PRFC é feita adequadamente.
ABSTRACT. This paper presents results of tests on 18 one-way reinforced concrete slabs under point loads having as main variable the transverse flexural reinforcement ratio, the loading position and the width of the slab. The response of the slabs is described and discussed in terms of deflections, strains of the concrete and of rebars, cracking pattern, failure modes and failure loads. Experimental results are also used to discuss and evaluate theoretical treatments presented by American Concrete Institute 318 (ACI, 2014) and Eurocode 2 (Comité Européen de Normalisation [CEN], 2005). All slabs failed by punching shear and results indicate that the recommendations presented by the codes are conservative, especially those related to the prediction of one-way shear resistance of reinforced concrete flat slabs.Keywords: one-way slabs, punching, shear, asymmetric loading.Resistência à punção de lajes de concreto armado com cargas concentradas assimétricas RESUMO. Este trabalho apresenta resultados de ensaios em 18 lajes unidirecionais de concreto armado sob carregamento concentrado, tendo como variáveis a taxa de armadura de flexão transversal, a posição de carregamento e a largura da laje. Seu comportamento é descrito e discutido em termos de deslocamentos, deformações do concreto e das armaduras, padrão de fissuração, modos e cargas de ruptura. Os resultados experimentais também são usados para discutir e avaliar as recomendações apresentados pelas normas ACI 318 (2014) e Eurocode 2 (CEN, 2005). Todas as lajes romperam por punção e os resultados indicam que as recomendações normativas são relativamente conservadoras, especialmente aquelas relacionadas com a previsão da resistência ao cisalhamento unidirecional de lajes lisas de concreto armado.Palavras-chave: lajes unidirecionais, punção, cisalhamento, carregamento assimétrico.
Punching is a possible failure mode for slender footings and it may lead a structure to ruin through progressive collapse. Although footing present different geometric characteristics, their punching shear design is based on the empirical methods used for flat slabs. This paper uses experimental results from 216 tests to evaluate the performance of design code recommendations presented by ACI 318 (2014), ABNT NBR 6118 (2014) and Eurocode 2 (2010) to estimate the punching shear resistance of reinforced concrete footings. Great dispersion between theoretical and experimental results was observed, being evident that the test system affects the punching shear capacity of footings. The more complex method proposed by Eurocode 2 resulted in a better correlation with experimental results.
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