Abstract. Natural fibers, characterized by sustainability, have gained a considerable attention in recent years, due to their advantages of environmental acceptability and commercial viability. In this paper, the characterization of natural fibers including the mechanical properties and alkalization of fibers is presented. Most recent study had gone through the mercerization process to improve the toughness of natural fibers; which is a well-known hydrophilic material. Traditional reinforcement method was commonly used to fabricate a natural fiber composite such as hand lay-up and mold press due to its convenience in terms of time and cost. Also, different kind of matrix material used in different kind of natural fibers gave high impact on the tensile and flexural test result. By selecting appropriate chemical treatment, matrix material and fabrication method, the tensile and flexural test gives different results and findings. As most researchers tend to use metals to create corrugated cores for sandwich structure, it is possible to develop this structure using natural fibers such as kenaf, wood dust, and other natural fibers.
Abstract. Sandwich structure is an attractive alternative that increasingly used in the transportation and aerospace industry. Corrugated-core with trapezoidal shape allows enhancing the damage resistance to the sandwich structure, but on the other hand, it changes the structural response of the sandwich structure. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of varying geometrical parameters of trapezoidal corrugated-core sandwich structure under compression loading. The corrugated-core specimen was fabricated using press technique, following the shape of trapezoidal shape. Two different materials were used in the study, glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) and carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP). The result shows that the mechanical properties of the core in compression loading are sensitive to the variation of a number of unit cells and the core thickness.
Emulsified biodiesel are often stabilized using a combination ratio water, biodiesel and surfactant in achieving stable emulsions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term stability of three phase oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) with respect to the water content and Tween 80. Biodiesel emulsions containing 5 mL, 10 mL and 15 mL water were produce with combination of 95 mL, 90 mL and 85 mL B20 (80 % diesel + 20 % biodiesel) and surfactant by using a mechanical stirrer machine. The experimental results show that increasing concentration of Tween 80 more than 1.5g gave destructive effect on water in oil emulsion stability. In addition, lowering concentration of water content contribute to low polydispersity of emulsion which produced the high emulsification stability.
Abstract. The failure modes occurring in sandwich panels based on the corrugations of aluminium alloy, carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) and glass fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP) are analysed in this work. The fracture behaviour of these sandwich panels under compressive stresses is determined through a series of uniform lateral compression performed on samples with different cell wall thicknesses. Compression test on the corrugated-core sandwich panels were conducted using an Instron series 4505 testing machine. The post-failure examinations of the corrugated-core in different cell wall thickness were conducted using optical microscope. Load-displacement graphs of aluminium alloy, GFRP and CFRP specimens were plotted to show progressive damage development with five unit cells. Four modes of failure were described in the results: buckling, hinges, delamination and debonding. Each of these failure modes may dominate under different cell wall thickness or loading condition, and they may act in combination. The results indicate that thicker composites corrugated-core panels tend can recover more stress and retain more stiffness. This analysis provides a valuable insight into the mechanical behaviour of corrugatedcore sandwich panels for use in lightweight engineering applications.
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