Vitamin E was quantified in renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and in ‘intact’ renal cortex, obtained from 31 patients subjected either to unilateral nephrectomy or to partial resection of the only kidney. Histologically, 14 tumors consisted predominantly of clear cells (group 1) and 17 of other cell types (group 2). In both groups, a significant increase in vitamin E concentration, as compared to the ‘intact’ cortex, was observed: 167.8 ± 27.9 and 68.2 ± 15.2 μg/g wet tissue weight (mean ± SEM) for groups 1 and 2, respectively, versus 10.1 ± 0.53 μg/ g wet tissue weight for the cortex. Although the total lipid content was also increased in tumors (especially in group 1), the vitamin E concentration in tumor tissue, calculated per milligram of total lipids, proved to be much higher in both groups than in ‘intact’ cortex. A significant positive correlation was observed between vitamin E and total lipid content in group 1 and 2 carcinomas. It was also found that vitamin E accumulation in RCC is unlikely to be attributed to an enhanced lipid deposit in the tumor cells. Thus, in 8 tumors of group 2 the vitamin E levels were markedly enhanced although these tumors did not differ from the cortex in total lipid concentrations. Vitamin A content determined in 17 carcinomas, when calculated per milligram of total lipids, was the same as in ‘intact’ cortex.
Typical ultrasonic images of normal testes, hydrocele and cysts of the epididymis, tumors and inflammatory diseases of the testis and epididymis, and injuries of the scrotal organs obtained in the study of 137 patients are presented. The method is simple, harmless and informative. Grey scale scanning was carried out using a water bath, which gives more complete data on the structure of the testis and its epididymis as compared to routine B-mode scanning. Ultrasonography is a reliable aid to the urologist in the diagnosis of scrotal swellings.
The biocompatibility of cuprophanc haemodialyser membranes was investigated during two haemodialysis sessions in ten stable male chronic haemodialysis patients. In one session heparin was given intravenously, while it was given in the arterial line in the other session, using the same amount of heparin and the same filter. Biocompatibility was determined by measuring platelet and leukocyte counts, plasma beta-thromboglobulin, C3d, elastase, and lactoferrin in the arterial line at 0, 10, and 90 min of dialysis, and in the venous line at 10 and 90 min. Adequate anticoagulation was ensured by determining activated partial thromboplastin time. Platelet counts remained unchanged, whereas leukocyte counts transitorily decreased during dialysis. Plasma beta-thromboglobulin, C3d, elastase, and lactoferrin increased during haemodialysis, but no differences could be found between the two methods of heparinisation. The activation of complement, platelets, and leukocytes seemed to be independent of the mode of heparinisation.
The possibilities of radionuclide investigations with various labelled compounds (125I- and 131I-hippuran, 99mTc-albumin, 99mTc-DTPA, 99mTc-citrate, 99mTc-calcium gluconate) in the diagnosis of acute complications of the post-transplantation period are discussed on the basis of observations in 105 recipients in whom acute complications arising in different stages of the post-transplantation period required diagnostic differentiation between various syndromes, i.e. renal arterial or venous thrombosis, ureteral occlusion, failure of ureterocystoanastomosis, acute renal failure, infarct, carbuncle or abscess of the transplant, acute rejection, rupture of the transplanted kidney. The sequence of radionuclide studies in the individual syndromes by means of the gamma-camera and computer processing is set down and the value of these methods in the diagnosis of complications arising in the early or late stage of the post-transplantation period are discussed.
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