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The purpose of the present paper is to give an overview on the current development status of nanocrystalline diamond electrodes for electrochemical applications. Firstly, we describe a brief comparison between the general properties of nanocrystalline diamond (undoped and boron-doped) and boron-doped microcrystalline diamond films. This is followed by a summary of the nanodiamond preparation methods. Finally, we present a discussion about the undoped and boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond and their characteristics, electrochemical properties, and practical applications.

a b s t r a c tThe phenol quantification using boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (BDND) from electroanalytical technique of square wave voltammetry (SWV) is reported. BDND depositions were performed using Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition reactor, where it was possible to grow films with statics substrate-holder (sample S1) or with spinning substrate-holder (sample S2). The variation of this growth parameter induced significant changes on the electrode properties. For example, the electrode S2 presented smoothness surface with low roughness in relation to that for electrode S1. Besides, Raman spectra showed different features for both electrodes that could be related to boron incorporation. Electrochemical measurements also presented differences between electrodes, showing the advantages of electrode S2, such as, rapid charge transfer, large electrochemical area and excellent phenol detection limit $0.1 mg L À1 . The phenol standard sample of 8.0 mg L À1 was used to validate the application of this electrode as a nanosensor. Its concentration calculated from SWV using electrode S2 was 8.2 ± 0.2 mg L À1 while from Ion Chromatograph it was 7.9 ± 0.1 mg L À1 . These results demonstrated the high potential of BDND electrodes for electroanalytical applications.