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This study demonstrated that calcium phosphate cements displayed identical behavior to PMMA cement with respect to in vitro mechanical qualities. Consequently, from a mechanical viewpoint, calcium phosphate cements may be used in addition to PMMA cement for kyphoplasty and prophylactic kyphoplasty. Silicon derivatives are apparently not recommendable as candidate materials for kyphoplasty.

Osteoporotic bone of older patients often may not permit stable internal fixation of complex proximal humerus fractures. In these situations primary hemiarthroplasty is the treatment of choice.