Introduction Recto-vaginal fistula (RVF) is defined as a pathological epithelialized communication between the posterior wall of the vagina and the anterior wall of the rectum through the recto-vaginal septum. RVFs are rare and represent less than 5% of rectal fistulas. Occurring after childbirth or during a proctological pathology, they create a deep distress for the patients. The aim of our work is to analyze the epidemiological particularities and the risk factors of occurrence of RVF as well as the modalities and results of our therapeutic management. Materials and methods Our work is retrospective analytic and comparative concerning 6 cases operated in the department of general surgery 3 of the UHC Ibn Rochd of Casablanca for recto vaginal fistula or recidive over a period of 7 years from 2012 to 2018. Results The analysis of the results of our study allowed us to note: A frequency of occurrence of RVF of about 0.48%. The average age at diagnosis was 55 in our patients. The etiologies were dominated by post-radiation (33.33%) and post-operative (16.66%) RVFs. The predominant mode of delivery in our study was vaginal delivery (83.33%). The antecedents were dominated by pelvic irradiation in 50% of patients, and pelvic surgery for cervical cancer and/or rectal cancer (50%). The diagnosis was revealed by a vaginal stool output in all patients. Surgical treatment was performed in all our patients. The surgical technique of choice in our series was drainage by Stenon, in 83.33% of patients. A protective stoma was performed in all our patients studied, a colostomy in 66.66%, and an ileostomy in 33.33% of patients. The immediate postoperative evolution was excellent in all our patients, while the short- and medium-term evolution revealed the occurrence of recurrence in one third of the patients (33.33%). The treatment of choice for recurrence was the interposition of a pedicled fat flap of the labia majora, known as the modified Martius technique. The morbidity, represented mainly by recurrence, was 25%, with a mortality rate of 0%. Discussion The occurrence of RVF in all its etiologies seems to be infrequent. However, its real incidence remains poorly documented in the literature, it varies between 0.3% and 15.3%. RVFs are considered simple or complex depending on their size, location and etiology. The high or low location and the etiology of the RVF determine the choice of the approach during surgical management. The diagnosis is most often clinical. The examination will try to find the cause of the RVF and the associated lesions. RVF can be asymptomatic. The importance of the symptoms depends on the topography of the fistula, the diameter of the orifice, and the quality of the intestinal transit. No additional investigations are required to confirm the diagnosis of RVF, since the positive diagnosis is essentially clinical. However, in the case of a high or complex fistula, the clinician can support his or her...
Highlights Intestinal endometriosis as a cause of intestinal obstruction is often a diagnostic challenge mimicking a wide spectrum of diseases. Its diagnosis is still very difficult. The treatment of intestinal endometriosis is in most cases surgical. The diagnosis of endometriosis is histological.
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