Water resources are one of the natural resources that are vital both for the life of organisms on the earth as well as for daily human needs in various sectors of life. Due to limited resources, water management becomes essential. A study in the spatial-temporal of chlorine on the Tondano watershed is important because domestic agricultural waste has the potential to cause residues and affect water quality degradation. This study aims to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of chlorine in the upper Tondano watershed throughout seven years (2013-2019). Water sampling was carried out using the composite sampling method on the river and irrigation channel outlets. Chlorine concentration was measured by UV-VIS Spectrophotometry method, and other water quality parameters such as pH and temperature were measured in the field. The chlorine concentration fluctuated for each month during 2013 – 2019 (0.02 mg/L to 0.59 mg/L, Quality Standard PP 82/2001 chlorine 0.03 mg/L). The highest values were in March, September, and November. The trend showed that chlorine levels were above the quality standard in March and November. The high concentration of chlorine in the Panasen River water bodies is partly due to the application of KCI fertilizers and, pesticides in rice fields and horticultural lands, as well as domestic waste.
Nitrogen fertilization is needed as a source of nitrogen in the growing plants. Nitrogen in the environment will undergo a transformation in the form of compounds such as nitrate (NO3 −) and nitrite (NO2 −). The transformation from nitrogen to nitrate, nitrite, will have a negative impact on the aquatic environment namely the formation of toxic conditions. The main purpose of this research was to study the residual nitrogen fertilizer in the outlet of paddy irrigation upper Tondano Watershed and to evaluate the residual nitrogen fertilizer in the outlet of paddy irrigation upper Tondano Watershed 5-years period (2015-2019). Water quality sampling was carried out using a composite sampling method at two sample locations in River Panasen, in situ measurement of water temperature parameters, and pH. Analysis of the parameters of nitrate and nitrite was carried out in the laboratory. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the concentration nitrate of -0.9330-153 mg/l (according Government standard PP No. 82/2001 nitrate 10 mg/l), and nitrite of 0.001 mg/l-0.52 mg/l exceed PP No. 82/2001 quality standard (0.006 mg/l).
Water quality of the Panasen River in upstream of Tondano’s watershed is important to study because the Panasen River crosses residential areas, agriculture, and livestock farms, carrying solid and liquid wastes from these activities, which ultimately leads to Lake Tondano. This waste has the potential to become residue in Lake Tondano. The objective of this research was to study water quality of the Panasen River in the upper of the Tondano watershed throughout a five-year period (2014-2018). Water sampling is done by using composite sampling in the one location of Panasen River which become the inlet of Lake Tondano, analyzed using Colorimetry method, and compared with the Quality Satndard in accordance with the Law of No. 82/2001 Class II about Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control (KLH, 2001). The results showed that 30 parameters (temperature, pH, TDS, TSS, NH3, DO, BOD, COD, chloride, CN, F, NO3, NO2, sulfate, sulphide, PO4, As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Se, Zn, Hg, Cr-VI, surfactant (MBAS)) analyzed generally met the Water Quality Standard in accordance with the Law of No. 82/2001, except the chlorine parameter concentrations: Chlorine concentration in 2013 (0,1 mg-0,19 mg/l), 2014 (0,1 mg/l-0,44 mg/l), 2015 (<0,02 mg/l- 0,11 mg/l), 2016 ( 0,05 mg/l − 0,08 mg/l), 2017 (<0,02 mg/l-0,07 mg/l), 2018 (0,03 mg/l-0,06 mg/l). Average chlorine concentrations exceeded Quality Standards according to the Law of No. 82/200101 (Chlorine 0,03 mg/l). The high concentration of chlorine in the Panasen River water bodies is partly due to the application of KCI fertilizers, pesticides to rice fields, horticultural lands, and domestic waste.
The suitability of water for irrigation purpose can be determined using the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) method. The method describes the extent of sodium will be absorbed into the soil. This study aims to assess the water quality of the Talawaan river as a source of irrigation water using the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) method. The measurement was carried out by field observation at the tertiary channel and laboratory analysis of water samples obtained from the channel. The concentration of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ were calculating using the SAR. Sampling of Water quality parameters was determined using the Composite Sampling, then analyzed with the UV-Spectrophometry The data referring to the standard values from Ayers and westcott. The results showed that the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) at the Talawaan irrigation varied from 1.33 meq/l to 1.55 meq/l. These results meets the requirements of the Ayers and Westcott standard standard, which stated that SAR at less than 3 meq/L is good quality standard (table 2). SAR value affects soil conditions, especially related to soil structure and soil permeability and infiltration.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.